
Gass. 
Book_ 



I I D I A I As ' 

IN RELATION TO ITS 

(fcgtaptnj, ItaMrfl, SnBtMm, 

COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY, ETC. 

WITH A "REFERENCE INDEX " TO 

COLTON'S MAPS OF INDIANA. 



©oinpflet) tora ©ffi'ctal ant) otjjet glutjentfc Sources. 



BY RICHARD S*< FISHER, M.D., 

AUTHOR OF "THE BOOK OF THE WO ELD," ETC., ETC. 



NEW YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY J. H. COLTON, 

No. 86 CEDAR STREET. 

1852. 



•Rr 



Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1852, by 

J. H. COLTON, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 

Southern District of New York. 






*- 



% 



k 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



This little book has been prepared to accompany Col- 
ton's Maps of the State of Indiana, and to illustrate 
the geography, statistics, and institutions of that import- 
ant portion of the American Union. The descriptions, 
though brief and concise, embrace nevertheless a great 
mass of information useful not only to the immigrant set- 
tler, but also to those who, from long residence in the 
state, may be entitled to the distinguished title of " citi- 
zen." The descriptive portions of the work have been 
chiefly compiled from the publications of the most recent 
writers ; but a large mass of information has also been 
derived from the labors and inquiries of the publisher's 
agents, and from numerous private sources, all of which 
has been incorporated. The statistical matter is chiefly 
based on the census of 1850, the official returns of the sev- 
eral departments of the federal and state governments, and 
from the reports of companies incorporated within the 
state. Every available source of accurate information, 
indeed, has been consulted, and the publisher has no hesi- 
tation in saying that there is no other work on the same 
subject, and within the same compass, that furnishes so 
much valuable information as is contained herein. 

With regard to the maps themselves, most persons who 
will be likely to purchase them are already cognizant of 
the course the publisher has taken to make them accurate 
and perfect. His agents in Indiana — intelligent and busi- 
ness-like men — have been engaged for about three years 
in visiting every part of the state, observing its condition, 
and noting from day to day its progress ; and the publisher 
has here to acknowledge with gratitude the important 



IV ADVERTISEMENT. 

assistance they have had from all those of whom they have 
sought information ; and he at the same time would tender 
for himself his thanks to the officers of the several rail- 
road and other incorporated road companies who have so 
willingly troubled themselves to lay down the true lines 
of their several roads on the maps that have been sent 
them for that purpose. All these gentlemen may be said 
to be the authors of the works, for without their aid it 
would have been impossible to have compiled them. Their 
trouble will be repaid materially by the possession of 
more accurate maps than could otherwise have been made. 

The maps are three in number, varying little but in the 
scale on which drawn, and the amount of information they 
severally contain. 

The largest map is engraved on six plates, and when 
mounted is 66 inches long, and 48 inches broad. It con- 
tains the full surveys in sections, the general topography 
of the state, the internal improvements, and all the in- 
formation usually found on the most elaborate maps. 

The medium sized map is engraved on two plates, and 
measures 43 inches long and 32 inches wide. All the 
features of the large map are found in this, but on a re- 
duced scale. 

The small map is engraved on one sheet, and is intended 
only as a traveling map, but contains, nevertheless, more 
than the usual information found in like works. 

All these maps are engraved in the best style of art, 
and are colored in a handsome manner. A reference 
index, by the aid of which any place on the maps may be 
readily found, is appended to this work. 

New York, April 15, 1852. 



CONTENTS. 



Situation, Boundaries, and Superficies 7 

Face of the Country .. 8 

Ohio Valley ........ 9 

White Eiver Valley 9 

Wabash Valley 9 

Rivers, Lakes, etc 10 

Geology, etc 12 

Botany 19 

Zoology .... 20 

Public Lands, with Diagrams, etc 21 

Aborigines 25 

Present Inhabitants, Population 1850, etc 27 

Productive Industry «, 29 

Agriculture 29 

Manufactures - 30 

Commerce 31 

Banks 32 

Canals 33 

Railroads 34 

Other Roads 36 

Government — the Franchise, Legislature, Executive, 

Judiciary 37 

Finances — Expenditures and Resources, Pub. Debt, etc. 39 

Public Institutions 42, 

State Prison 43 

Education — Schools, Colleges, and Universities, etc... 43 

Ecclesiastical Establishments 46 

History 48 

County Seats— their Distances from Indianapolis 50 



VI 



CONTENTS. 



Page 



County Topography .. 51 



Page 

Adams 51 

Allen 51 

Barthol'w . 52 

Benton 53 

Blackford . 53 

Boone 54 

Brown 54 

Carroll 55 

Cass 55 

Clarke 56 

Clay 57 

Clinton ... 57 
Crawford. . 58 
Daviess ... 58 
Dearborn.. 59 
Decatur ... 60 
DeKalb... 60 
Delaware.. 61 
Dubois.... 61 
Elkhart... 62 
Fayette ... 63 

Floyd 63 

Fountain . . 64 
Franklin . . 65 
Fulton.... 65 
Gibson.... 66 

Grant 66 

Greene 67 

Hamilton.. [68 
Hancock .. 68 



Page 

Hendricks. 70 
Henry .... 70 
Howard... 71 
Huntington 71 
Jackson... 72 

Jasper 72 

Jay 73 

Jefferson . . 73 
Jennings . . 74 
Johnson... 74 

Knox 75 

Kosciusko . 76 
La Grange. 76 

Lake 77 

La Porte.. 77 
Lawrence . 78 
Madison... 79 
Marion ... 79 
Marshall.. 81 

Martin 81 

Miami 82 

Monroe 83 

Montgom'y 83 
Morgan ... 84 

Noble 85 

Ohio 85 

Orange 85 

Owen 86 

Parke 86 

Perry 87 



Porter . . . 

Posey 

Pulaski .. 
Putnam . . 
Randolph 
Ripley . . . 

Rush 

St. Joseph 
Scott .... 
Shelby... 
Spencer.. 

Starke 

Steuben.. 
Sullivan. . 
Switz'land 
Tipp'canoe 
Tipton . . . 

Union 

Vanderb'g 
Vermilion 

"Vigo 

Wabash . . 
Warren .. 
Warrick . . 
Washing'n 
Wayne. .. 
Wells .... 
White.... 
Whitley . . 



Page 
88 

89 
89 
90 
90 
91 
91 
92 
93 
93 
94 
94 
94 
95 
95 
96 
97 
97 



100 
100 
101 
101 
102 
103 
103 
104 



Harrison .. 69 | Pike 87 

Reference Index to Colton's Maps. 
Traveling Routes 



105 
126 



INDIANA s 



ITS GEOGRAPHY, STATISTICS, INSTITUTIONS, 

ETC., ETC., ETC. 



Indiana* lies in the form of a parallelogram between 
Ohio and Illinois, and extends from Michigan, on the 
north, to the Ohio river, on the sonth. Geographically, 
it is situated between the latitudes 37° 51' and 41* 46' 
north, and between the longitudes 85 Q 49' 30" and 88° 2' 30" 
west from Greenwich, or 8° 48' and 11° 01' from Wash- 
ington. Its extreme length from north to south is 276 
miles, and its greatest width 176 miles ; but its average 
length is only about 242 miles, and its average breadth not 
more than 153 miles ; and within these limits the area of 
its superfices is 33,809 square miles, or 21,637,760 acres. 

* The definite boundaries of the state, according to the ordinance 
of Congress, dated 19th April, 1816, are as follows: "Bounded on 
the east by the meridian line which forms the western boundary of 
the state of Ohio, being a north line from the mouth of the Miami ; 
on the south by the river Ohio, from the mouth of the Great Miami 
to the mouth of the river Wabash ; on the west by a line drawn along 
the middle of the Wabash from its mouth to a point where a due 
north line, drawn from the town of Vincennes, would last touch the 
northwestern shore of the said river, and from thence by a due 
north line until the same shall intersect an east and west line drawn 
through a point ten miles north of the southern extreme of Lake Mich- 
igan ; on the north by the said east and west line," etc., to beginning 



8 INDIANA. 

Face of the Country, etc. — The general features 
of Indiana are those which pertain to all countries where 
mountain, in the strict sense of the word, is wanting ; for 
if we except the river-hills and the accumulations of sand 
on the southern shore of Lake Michigan, no portion of the 
country has any continuous or definite elevation which 
even a florid imagination could dignify by such a term, 
and all of mountain that really appears is a few isolated 
" knobs," which serve only to diversify the scenery. 
Nearly two thirds of the state is level, or at most undu- 
lating, and a most singular feature of the country is the 
absence of any water-shed or dividing ridge, such as al- 
most every geographical region presents, from which the 
waters flow in different directions ; still, however, the 
country has continuous slopes of great extent, and the 
difference in elevation of the highest land and the Ohio 
river at the Falls is nearly 600 feet, and a considerable 
difference is observed (about 70 feet) between the levels 
on the Ohio, at the Falls, and at the mouth of the Wabash, 
the latter being the lowest. 

The river-hills, of which previous mention has been 
made, extend at various distances from, and parallel to, 
the courses of the Ohio and other streams, and inclose what 
are termed the bottom-lands, which are chiefly covered with 
a rich alluvial soil, and thickly set with forests. These hills, 
along the Ohio river, are generally as high as the highest 
levels of the interior, often of a rugged and broken as- 
pect, and where torn through by the tributaries of the 
Ohio, present much imposing scenery. Behind these a 
table-land spreads out and forms what with propriety may 
be termed the interior of the country ; and now every 
thing is changed. Instead of the bottoms, with their 
mighty forests, the most various landscape appears ; here 
are extensive groves of oak, ash, and other trees; there 



FACE OF THE COUNTRY, ETC. 9 

vast prairies, sea-like in their dimensions, and with, un- 
troubled surface ; here the land undulates or rolls as if 
formed into billows by the dalliance of soft winds, and oc- 
casionally hills, rising from 100 to 300 feet high, remind 
us of a tempest- tossed sea, when the waves accumulate in 
their might. There is such a marked difference between 
the several parts of the country, however, that no general 
description could embrace its topography, and hence it is 
necessary to detail its principal characteristics, and its di- 
visions as indicated by nature. 

1. The Ohio Valley, including that of the White Water, 
contains some 5,000 square miles. This is- a limestone re- 
gion ; it was originally clothed with heavy forests ; and 
the soil in the bottoms, hill tops, and sides is very rich. 
The hills are abrupt and broken, and the numerous trib- 
utaries of the Ohio river break through them in every 
direction. Many of these streams in dry weather show 
only the marks where the torrents have disappeared, al- 
most as soon as the storms which occasioned them. Of 
this division of the state about two thirds is good farm- 
ing land, and the residue either too hilly or the soil too 
poor for profitable culture. The poorest part is in the 
flats at the heads of the streams. 

2. The White River Valley extends from the Wabash 
centrally through the state to the Ohio line, and covers 
about 9,000 square miles of surface. It is almost uniformly 
level and heavily timbered, except in the western parts, 
where there are some prairies and barrens, and ranges 
of low rugged hills. The whole valley is destitute of 
rock, and the soils are of the richest kind, with little that 
is unprofitable. Most of the streams are clear and never- 
failing, and water-power is generally abundant, 

3. The Wabash Valley is the largest division, and em- 
braces an area of upward of 12,000 square miles. It 



10 INDIANA. 

interlocks with the valley of the White river, and the 
eastern portion resembles it. It is equally fertile but 
more broken. The middle part of the valley has abundant 
water-power, but in the upper and lower parts it is less 
plentiful. From the river-hills, on the Ohio, to the Wa- 
bash, the surface is an inclined plane, and it is not a little 
curious to find streams, the head waters of which are near 
the borders of the Ohio Valley, traversing toward the Wa- 
bash, a river so much farther distant from their sources. 

4. The north part of the state, watered by the St. Jo- 
seph's and the Kankakee, is much similar in its general 
character to the Wabash country, but is, perhaps, more 
swampy, and near the lake the country has extensive 
sand hills, which are covered only with stunted and shriv- 
eled pines and burr-oaks. 

Rivers, Lakes, etc. — Indiana has numerous fine riv- 
ers, but for navgable purposes, few of them except the 
Ohio, Wabash, White, etc., are at all eligible. Most of 
them, however, afford valuable water-power. 

The Ohio, the final reservoir of the principal water- 
courses of the state, borders the whole country on the 
south, from the mouth of the Miami to that of the Wa- 
bash, a distance, by the river's course, of 380 miles. Be- 
tween these two points few streams of any volume empty 
into it, and none exceed thirty or forty yards in width at 
their mouths. Laughery, Indian Kentucky, Silver, Indian, 
Blue, Anderson, Big Pigeon, Little Pigeon, etc., are the 
principal. The White Water joins the Miami six miles 
above its entrance into the Ohio. 

The Wabash, which rises in Ohio, runs first north, then 
northwest, then west, then southwest, then south, and 
again southwest, making the whole distance to its junc- 
tion with the Ohio, upward of 600 miles, of 'which more 
than one half is navigable. Its principal tributaries are : 



RIVERS, LAKES, ETC, 11 

from the south and east, the Salainonie, Mississinewa, 
Wild Cat, Sugar or Rock, Raccoon, White, and Patoka 
rivers ; and from the west and north, Little Wabash and 
Embarras rivers in Illinois, Vermilion in both states, 
and in Indiana altogether, Tippecanoe, Eel, and Little 
rivers. White river, the most important of these, empties 
into the Wabash 100 miles above its mouth ; the West 
Fork, its longest branch, rises in Randolph county, near 
the Ohio line, and runs in a southwest direction, receiv- 
ing in its course Eel river, Fall creek, etc. ; and the East 
Fork, the principal tributaries of which are Salt creek, 
the Muscatatuck, Sand creek, Clifty, Flat Rock, and Su- 
gar creeks, rises in Ripley county, and has a western 
course to its junction with the West Fork — the two form- 
ing White river proper — about fifty miles from its entrance 
into the Wabash. 

The St. Joseph's and St. Mary's form the Maumee, which 
passes to Ohio and Lake Erie. Another St. Joseph's and 
its tributaries, the Elkhart, etc., pass through the north- 
ern tier of counties, and ultimately fall into Lake Michi- 
gan. The Kankakee, the principal branch of the Illinois 
river, rises near South Bend, and runs sluggishly through 
the northwestern counties for 100 miles, and in its course 
receives Yellow river, a stream about 50 miles long ; ex- 
tensive marshes everywhere bound its course. Deep and 
Calumic rivers lie near and south of Lake Michigan, and 
in some places are only separated from it by banks of 
sand. The Iroquois or Pickamink rises south of the Kan- 
kakee, and runs nearly parallel to it for 50 miles, and joins 
it in Illinois. 

Besides Lake Michigan, on the northern border, there 
are numerous other, but small lakes, in different parts 
of the state, principally to the north of the Wabash river. 
Several of them have no outlets ; they are generally clear. 



12 



INDIANA. 



however, and have sandy shores and bottoms. They sel- 
dom exceed a few acres in extent, though some at the 
head of Tippecanoe river and Turkey creek, and near La 
Porte, cover several hundred acres. Mexancukkee lake, 
a beautiful sheet of water, in Marshall county, is three 
miles long and half as broad ; and Beaver lake, six miles 
long and three miles wide, covers 10,000 acres. All these 
lakes abound in fish, and form in the surrounding scene 
objects which attract the gaze of the traveler. 

Geology, etc. — The concluding chapter of the Report 
of D. D. Owen on the Geology of Indiana, thus sums up 
the results of his reconnaissance on that topic : 

"Three geological formations exist in Indiana. 1st, a 
bituminous coal formation, occupying that portion of the 
state west of the second principal meridian ; 2d, a lime- 
stone formation (similar to the mountain limestone of Eu- 
ropean geologists), prevailing in the counties east of that 
meridian ; 3d, a diluvium, consisting of deposites of clay, 
sand, gravel, and boulders ; overlying, and in many places 
covering up, the two other formations, to a greater or less 
depth, particularly in the northern part of the state. 

" Now, as in this country no perfect seams of bitumin- 
ous coal are found associated with calcareous deposites, 
similar to those of Middle and Eastern Indiana, the geol- 
ogist can confidently predict, that it is a waste of time 
and labor to search for coal in any part of the state east 
of this second meridian, for instance, as has been done in 
the neighborhood of the black bituminous aluminous slate, 
stretching north in a narrow band, commencing at New 
Albany in Floyd county, and extending through part of 
Clarke, Scott, Jennings, Bartholomew, Decatur, and prob- 
ably beneath the ^diluvium, in a northerly direction to- 
ward Elkhart. 

" If we were to speculate from geological observations, 



GEOLOGY, ETC. 13 

on the future condition of Indiana, we should say, that 
the western counties are destined to become, one day, the 
chief manufacturing counties ; since, with a few excep- 
tions, all large manufacturing towns and districts are sit- 
uated on the coal formation. 

" The freestones of this formation being soft and fissile, 
owing to the existence of mica disseminated in layers 
through their substance, and to the ferruginous cement 
which unites their particles, being liable to undergo al- 
terations by the action of the atmosphere upon it, a care- 
ful selection by the builder is always necessary. In sev- 
eral places, particularly toward the base of the formation, 
or near its eastern boundary, as at Attica, Williamsport, 
on Pine creek, and near the French Lick, with a little 
care, freestone, white and fine grained, and excellently 
suited for architectural purposes, may be readily obtain- 
ed. In character and geographical position it resembles 
the celebrated Scotch freestone, of which the new town 
of Edinburgh, and a portion of the town of Glasgow, are 
built. 

l( At New Harmony there is a quarry of freestone, 
yielding rock that has stood the test of twenty years ; yet 
it is by no means equal to the strata above alluded to, in 
our eastern counties. 

" A freestone of a very fine grain and white color is 
quarried at the French Lick, west of Paoli. It is manu- 
factured into whetstones, that answer admirably for put- 
ting a fine edge on tools, and for polishing. They are ex- 
ported to all parts of the United States. 

" Good grindstones are also manufactured from a sim- 
ilar stratum of these freestones, of a coarser grain. 

" The eastern boundary or base of the coal formation 
is the most likely place to afford salt water ; for we find 
the most productive salt wells throughout the Western 
2 



14 INDIANA. 

country occupying in the inferior members of the coal for 
mation. Thus, should symptoms of salt water make their 
appearance in the counties of Perry, Spencer, Dubois, 
Martin, Daviess, Greene, Owen, Clay, Putnam, Montgom- 
ery, or Tippecanoe, the encouragement to make a search 
would be greater than if found elsewhere in the state. 

" Salt, however, is not, strictly speaking, constant in 
its geological position. In Europe, it usually occurs in 
the new red sandsone — a formation higher and of more 
recent origin than the bituminous coal formation ; while 
on the Holston, a tributary of the Tennessee river, there 
is a fine salt deposit, surrounded by gypsum or plaster 
of Paris, lying on the grauwacke formation. 

" Two or three salt wells have been sunk in the knobs 
east of Bloomington, through the silicious beds belonging 
to the sub-carboniferous group. The salt is of excellent 
quality ; but the water has hitherto proved too weak to 
afford a fair profit. The boring after salt is, in truth, at 
all times attended with considerable uncertainty. 

" Quantities of argillaceous iron ore — from which in 
Great Britain 600,000 tons of iron are annually obtained 
— occur in some of the clay slates of the bituminous coal 
formation of Indiana. 

tl Some of the clay slates answer well for fire-brick. 
That now excavated near Troy is to be manufactured into 
fire-brick for sale — an important article of commerce, in 
a country where steam-engines are so extensively used, 
and indispensable where furnace operations are carried on 
to any extent. 

" Some of our clays in the coal formation answer well 
for the manufacturing of stone-ware and gray pottery- 
ware. Such wares are now manufactured from them at 
Troy. 

" Since I first called the attention of the proprietors to 



GEOLOGY, ETC. 15 

the deposite of the hydrated brown oxide of iron, near 
the Falls of Eel river, examinations have been made, by- 
digging in fonr or five different places : ore has been 
struck in all of them ; many tons have been thrown up, 
and the prospects are so encouraging, that the proprietors 
of the Falls are now endeavoring to form a company, to 
erect a furnace, and commence, on an extensive scale, 
smelting the ore. 

" Sandstone being the predominating rock in the coal 
formation, and the greatest part of the soil of those west- 
ern counties being formed from its disintegration, we find 
it generally of a sandy character. 

" The dip and position of the various beds belonging to 
coal measures are generally constant, unless where, from 
the protrusions of basalt or greenstone, those volcanic 
disturbances called by the miners, 'faults? ' troubles? 
or ' dykes? have disturbed the regularity of position. If, 
then, the general dip and order of succession of the strata 
can be ascertained, and these should appear to be free 
from faults or material undulation, a pretty correct esti- 
mate might be formed of the depth of the various seams 
of coal and other strata in different parts of the coal fields 
of Indiana. 

" Most of the limestones in the oolitic series — that 
is, those occurring in the counties of Crawford, Orange, 
Lawrence, Monroe, Owen, and Putnam — make good build- 
ing materials. The enerinital limestones in Harrison, 
Washington, Jackson, Bartholomew, and Morgan counties", 
are also very suitable for that purpose ; but the silicious 
strata, or sand rocks, in these counties, are generally soft 
and crumbling, and by no means durable. The only use 
that the black bituminous aluminous slate, occurring in 
the sub-carboniferous group, can be put to, is for the man- 
ufacture of alum. The sub -carboniferous group affords a 



16 INDIANA. 

water-linie, which appears to be a compound chiefly of 
limestone and clay, with some bituminous matter. It is 
associated with the black bituminous aluminous slate 
above mentioned. Some of the limestone in its neighbor- 
hood — for instance, those rocks which are excavated at 
the top of the hill behind Madison — contain green earth, 
and some are impregnated with bitumen and sulphuret of 
iron. In making a selection of building materials in such 
strata, care should be taken not to use any such, unless 
their durability has been well tested ; for they are gener- 
ally liable to decay. 

" The fosiliferous limestones of East Indiana, namely, 
those found in Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Ripley, 
Franklin, Fayette, and Union counties, are durable rocks, 
and some of them make beautiful marbles. 

" The sub -carboniferous formation of Indiana is ident- 
ical with the formation occurring in Middle Tennessee, in 
which the enormous deposits of the hydrated brown ox- 
ide of iron, constituting so much of the mineral wealth of 
that state, are found. 

" The deposits of this kind of ore in Indiana, however, 
although found in the same formation, are not associated 
with exactly the same strata. In Tennessee, they are in 
the silicious strata, just above the enerinital limestone : 
those at present discovered in Indiana are either resting 
on the oolitic series of limestone, or near the bituminous 
aluminous slate. 

" The soil in Crawford, Lawrence, Orange, Monroe, 
Owen, and Putnam counties, being formed chiefly from the 
oolitic limestones, has a calcareous character, and is ad- 
mirably adapted for the growth of grasses. 

" Clay will be found to predominate in the soil of the 
counties of Floyd, Clark, Scott, Jennings, and parts of 
Bartholomew, Decatur, Shelby, Johnson, Marion, and 



17 

Hancock ; because the soil of these counties is underlayed 
by clay slates. Hence we find the beech-tree, which de- 
lights in a clayey soil, there growing luxuriantly. 

" The soil of Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Ripley, 
Franklin, Fayette, Union, and parts of Decatur and Rush, 
being formed upon alternating strata of clay and lime- 
stone, must partake chiefly of these two earths. This soil 
is also well adapted to the growth of grasses. 

i( The soil of the northwestern counties appears to be a 
siliceo-calcareous sand, resting upon a clay bottom. This 
I conceive to be the reason why it is so much more pro- 
ductive than its external appearance promises. These 
points, however, I intend more fully to verify, by ana- 
lysis, so soon as I can get samples of all the various soils. 
As yet, my opinion has been formed chiefly from ocular 
observation, and reasoning from general principles. 

e( The water in the northwestern counties is strongly 
impregnated with carbonic acid. This, acting as a solvent 
upon limestone and the protoxide of iron, dissolves them 
whenever it meets them in its passage to the surface. And 
thus we find these waters often highly charged with these 
two ingredients, forming calcareous and calybeate springs. 
As they lose very soon, by exposure to the air, the excess 
of carbonic acid, which acts as a solvent of these ingre- 
dients — and as iron is brought also by the same exposure 
to air, to a higher degree of oxidation, and therefore to a 
more insoluble form— *these two causes acting together, 
soon produce deposits of calcareous tufas and bog iron 
ore, so frequently found in that country. The quantity 
of bog iron ore is, therefore, continually on the increase. 

" The greater part of Indiana must have been, at some 
period of the earth's history, covered by an ocean ; for 
most of the fossils in the limestones are of a marine 
origin. 



18 INDIANA. 

" None of the precious metals will ever be found in In- 
diana, unless in minute portions in boulders, or in small 
quantities in combination with other metals ; because the 
primitive and grauwacke formations, in which alone pro- 
ductive mines of gold and silver ore occur, do not exist in 
Indiana. It is true that, in some rare instances, silver is 
found as a sulphuret and as red silver ore, in such forma- 
tions as exist in the Western country ; but I have seen no 
symptoms of any such in our state. The same may be 
said of bismuth, tin ore, and native arsenic. The only 
metals which we need look for, are iron, lead, antimony, 
manganese, zinc, cobalt, and possibly some varieties of 
copper and arsenic ores. 

" It is not likely that anthracite coal will ever be found 
in Indiana, because that mineral is usually found in the 
primitive and grauwacke formations. 

" Several detatched pieces of native copper have been 
found in the state, one weighing five pounds ; but, from 
the nature of the ore, its occurring in washed gravels, 
and only in isolated pieces, I have reason to believe that 
they do not originate in the state. I may add that the 
Kupferschiefer of the German miners yields, at the mines 
of Mansfield, in Thuringia, an abundant supply of copper 
ore. This copper slate, as found at the bottom of the new 
red sandstone formation, which overlies the bituminous 
coal formation, and copper ores, have been found in the 
carboniferous and mountain limestone ; there is, therefore, 
a possibility of discovering workable copper ore in the 
formations of Indiana. 

" The fertility of the soil of Indiana is universally ad- 
mitted, yet few are aware that it arises mainly from its 
geological position. It is well known to geologists, that 
that soil is the most productive, which has been derived 
from the destruction of the greatest variety of different 



BOTANY. 19 

rocks ; for thus only is produced the due mixture of 
gravel, sand, clay, and limestone, necessary to form a 
good medium for the retention and transmission of nutri- 
tive fluids, be they liquid or seriform, to the roots of 
plants. Now, Indiana is situated near the middle of the 
Great Valley of northwestern America, and far distant 
from the primitive range of mountains ; and her soil is 
accordingly formed from the destruction of a vast variety 
of rocks, both crystaline and sedimentary, which have 
been minutely divided and intimately blended together 
by the action of air and water. It has all the elements, 
therefore, of extraordinary fertility." 

Botany. — The forests of Indiana contain all the trees 
natural to the soil and climate of the whole central region 
of the United States ; oaks and beech-trees, however, 
preponderate ; they are found in almost every portion of 
the state, and probably count two thirds of the whole 
number of its forest trees. Next in order are the sugar- 
tree, hickory, ash, walnut, poplar, elm, sycamore, cherry, 
hackberry, linden, coffee-tree, honey locust, and white 
maple, which are as widely diffused as the oak and beech. 
The black locust is abundant near the Ohio river, but is 
not found in the interior ; the chestnut is only found in 
the neighborhood of the upper course of the east fork of 
White river ; the pine is only found on the (i knobs," near 
the Ohio, and on the sand hills near Lake Michigan, while 
the tamarack is found only in the swamps of the Kanka- 
kee. The cypress, catalpa, and pecan, are chiefly found 
in the counties on both sides of the White river, below the 
junction of the forks ; and cottonwood is rare, except on 
the bottoms of the southern streams. Of the smaller trees 
and undergrowths, the principal are the dogwood, paw- 
paw, spear, plum, and thorn, and the persimmon and crab 
apple. Many of the forest trees attain magnificent dimen- 



20 INDIANA. 

sions, and in numerous instances the oak, sycamore, wal- 
nut, and poplar, have been found, measuring from five to 
seven feet in diameter, and more than 120 and 130 feet in 
height. The indigenous fruit trees found in Indiana com- 
prise the wild plum, hawthorn, persimmon, pawpaw, wild 
cherry, mulberry, crab apple, etc. These are found in- 
termingling with forest trees, or bordering the prairies 
and barrens. Cranberries are abundant in the north, and 
wild grapes, blackberries, gooseberries, and strawberries, 
of excellent flavor, grow spontaneously, and give assur- 
ance that the corresponding domestic fruits can be culti- 
vated with success. Walnuts, hickory nuts, and hazel 
nuts, are unusually abundant, and generally oak and 
beech mast is found in such quantities as to contribute 
largely both to feeding and fattening hogs. 

Zoology. — The buffalo and elk, once the zoological 
monarchs of the country, have disappeared from the scene 
of their former glories. They were formerly very numer- 
ous, and have left behind them ineffaceable tracks or 
paths. The bear, panther, wild cat, beaver, and others, 
are now but seldom met with, except where the lands have 
not come under cultivation. Wolves are still numerous, 
and still more numerous are the deer, oppossums, rac- 
coons, squirrels, etc. Besides these, the fox, porcupine, 
pole cat, ground hog, rabbit, mink, musk rat, weazel, 
mole, mouse, gopher, etc., are found in particular locali- 
ties, but not usually in great numbers. The rat, not an 
indigenous animal, is becoming a denizen, and appears to 
increase in number in ratio with the population, and 
spreads to the new settlements along with the pioneer. 
The usual domestic animals have all been imported. The 
birds originally belonging to this country are the wild 
turkey, prairie fowl, partridge or quail, pigeons, geese, 
ducks, cranes, etc., all which are frequently seen in great 



PUBLIC LANDS. 21 

numbers. Pheasants, paroquets, woodpeckers, red birds, 
mocking birds, and humming birds, and indeed most 
of the birds of the Eastern States are found here, 
but usually are not numerous. Of the carnivorous spe- 
cies the eagle, buzzard, hawk, crow or raven, owl, etc., 
are occasionally seen. Rattlesnakes and copperheads, 
formerly numerous, are now seldom found, having been 
consumed by the prairie fires, or destroyed by hogs. The 
varieties of fish are not great; those in the tributa- A 
ries of the Ohio are the pike, perch, sucker, shovel fish, \. 
garr, buffalo, etc., while perch, trout, white fish, etc., are 
found in the northern lakes and small streams that empty 
into Lake Michigan. With regard to insects, all that need 
be said is, that no state in the same latitude is better sup- 
plied, and that in many parts musquitos are not scarce. 

Public Lands. — In all new states and territories the 
public lands are surveyed and sold under a uniform sys- 
tem. , In the surveys, meridian lines are first established, 
running due north and south, and these are intersected at 
right angles, running east and west, by what are termed 
base lines. 

The first principal meridian is a line running due 
north and south from the mouth of the Miami river, and 
is, in fact, the east line of Indiana ; and the second prin- 
cipal meridian is a line due north and south from Little 
Blue river, 85 miles west of the former. Other meridians 
are established further west, but these are all the princi- 
pal meridians referring to the surveys in Indiana. The 
only base line running through the state crosses it east 
and west in lat. 38° 80' north, leaving the Ohio about 25 
miles above Louisville, and striking the Wabash about 
four miles above the mouth of White river. 

From this base line townships of six miles square, Or 
containing 36 square miles, are numbered north and south, 



22 



INDIANA. 



and from the second principal meridian all the ranges of 
townships are numbered east and west, except those in 
the counties of Switzerland, Ohio, Dearborn, and parts of 
Franklin, Union, Wayne, and Randolph. The part of the 
state containing these, attached to the Cincinnati Land 
Office, was survived in townships from a base line 15 miles 
north of the former, and in ranges west of the first princi- 
pal meridian. 

The following diagram represents townships laid off 
north and south of a base line, and ranges laid off east and 
west of a meridian. The former are represented on the 
maps in Arabic figures, thus : 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., and the latter 
in roman figures, thus : I., II., III., IV., etc. 

















N 
















VI. 


V. 


IV. 


III. 




a 
as 

u 

o 

i. 


6 


II 


_ 


IV. 










5 
4 
3 

2 

1 
I. 














V. 


VI. 




\v 


II. 


III. 


E 


— 






Jda 


se 


a, 
o 


1 
2 
3 


Li 


ne. 





— 


— 






4 














Ph 


5 


























6 


| 











Townships, as above surveyed, are subdivided into 36 
equal parts or sections, each containing one square mile, 
or 640 acres. The sections are again subdivided into half 



PUBLIC LANDS. 



23 



sections of 320 acres, quarter sections of 160 acres, eighth 
sections of 80 acres, and sixteenth sections of 40 acres. 
Fractional sections, or other subdivisions, are such as are 
intersected by streams, confirmed claims or reservations, 
and are of various sizes. rf8&. 

The township is>laid off into sections, coBRencing at the 
northeast corner, and numbering from east to west, and 
from west to east alternately, as in Diagram No. 1 ; and 
the method of subdividing the sections into halves, quar- 
ters, eighths, and sixteenths, is shown in Diagram No. 2. 



Diagram No. 1. 



Diagram No. 2. 



6 

7 
18 
19 
30 
31 


5 
8 
17 
20 
29 
32 


4 
9 
* 

21 

28 
33 


3 

10 
15 
22 
27 
34 


2 

n 

14 
23 
26 
35 


1 

12 
13 
24 
25 
36 



Half. 


Quarter. 


Eighth. 


Six- 
teenth. 


Six- 
teenth. 



The sixteenth section of all public lands, marked in Dia- 
gram No. 1 thus * is reserved for the support of public 
schools. Five per cent, of all moneys received is also ex- 
pended for the benefit of the state, and two per cent, for the 
construction of roads. 

In the state of Indiana there are six land districts, 
with an office attached to each, open for the sale and entry 
of the public lands; viz., the Jeffersonville district, the 
Vincennes district, the Indianapolis district, the Craw- 
fordsville district, the Fort Wayne District, and the Wina- 
mac district. The offices above referred to are located at 
the towns indicated in the nomenclature of the several 
districts, and have each a register and receiver. 



24 



INDIANA. 



Lands bought of the government are excepted from tax- 
ation for five years next after purchase. All other lands 
owned by residents and non-residents are subject to taxa- 
tion for state and county purposes. 

The followiugfchibit shows the condition of the lands 
of Indiana on^J^st of January, 1849 : 

Total area of the state in acres 21,637,760 

Quantity surveyed up to Jan. 1, 1849 21,487.760 

Quantity proclaimed for sale 21,359,707 

Quantity sold up to date 15,477,629 

Quantity otherwise disposed of, namely : 

Common School Reserves 650,317 

Donated to State University 46,080 

" for Internal Improvements 1,609,862 

" to Individuals 843 

" for Seat of Government 2,560 

Military Bounties (war 1812) 69,777 

" " (Mexican War) 189,540 

Saline Reserves 24,435 

Indian Reserves 126,221 

Private Claims confirmed 179,881 

Swamp lands 981,682 

Lands open for sale and entry 3,271,731 

The number of acres v of the public lands sold in each 
fiscal year since the establishment of land offices in the 
state, have been as follows : 



Tear. 


Acres. 


Year. 


Acres. 


Year. 


Acres. 


1807 


33,063.83 


1815 


155,985.52 


1823 


151,893.41 


1808 


47,867.51 


1816 


371,374.80 


1824 


157,246 21 


1809 


31,242.89 


1817 


272,023,12 


1825 


157,102.1g 


1810 


35,711.79 


1818 


192,586,15 


1826 


197,195.16 


1811 


44,949.91 


1819 


56,461.09 


1827 


205,476.37 


1812 


35,876.26 


1820 


165,482.02 


1828 


245,073.60 


1813 


55,050.98 


1821 


266,340.52 


1829 


339,744.83 


1814 


137,135.96 


1822 


252,573.64 


1830 


465,576.69 







ABORIGINES. 




%5 


Year. 


Acres. 


Year. 


Acres. 


Year. 


Acres. 


1831 


537,237.64 


1838 


497,800.08 


1845 


73,257.42 


1832 


531,858.68 


1839 


572,474.89 


1846 


108,528.65 


1833 


534,484.44 


1840 


102,277.45 


1847 


230,627.51 


1834 


650.665.81 


1841 


93,746.82 . 


1848 


396,043.89 


1835 


1,547,500.21* 


1842 


54,000.29 








1836 


3.016,960,77* 


1843 


46,543.40 , 


Total 


14,298,369.50 


1837 


1,131,327.84* 


1844 


99,999.99 







To which total must be added the quantity 
of laud sold in that part of the Cincinnati 
district, which is situated within Indiana, 
namely, 



1,179.259.50 



Total quantity sold . . . 15,477,629.00 

Amount received for lands sold $21,316,100.00 

Amount of the 5 per cent fund 959,246 25 

" " 2 « " 383,698.50 

Aborigines. — The Indians found in this state by Eu- 
ropeans were evidently not entitled to be considered as the 
aborigines. The true aboriginal inhabitants were the 
" mound builders," but whence they came, who they were, 
and whither they went, who can tell ? Their existence is 
only evidenced by the remains of their earthworks and 
other relics, which, however, are numerous throughout the 
state. The Indians who held the lands at a later period 
were chiefly of the Miami and Potto wottame family, but 
were divided and subdivided into numerous tribes, bear- 
ing distinct names. The Potto wottame families resided 
chiefly in the northern section, and the Miamis in the mid- 
dle and southern parts. It is not our purpose to enter 
into a history of these people. It suffices to say that they 
have been displaced, and that their lands have fallen into 
other hands. On the subject of the antiquities referable 
to the original occupants, the erudite author of the Indi- 
ana Gazetteer thus descants : 

* Chiefly purchased by speculators, 
3 



26 INDIANA. 

" Mounds, similar to those in Ohio and other Western 
states, are found in considerable numbers in this state ; 
but there are none that have attracted much attention, 
except three in the neighborhood of Vincennes. These, at 
a distance, resemble immense hay stacks, and on being ap- 
proached, each appears to cover about an acre of ground, 
and to rise gradually to a point, probably from eighty to 
one hundred feet high. It is impossible to conceive, at the 
present day, for what object these immense piles were 
erected. Their situation is not such as to lead us to sup- 
pose that they were constructed for any purpose connected 
with war or defense, and as they were built without the 
aid of iron tools, it would not be surprising if, among a 
sparse population, their erection required the labor of 
many years. Human bones have been found in such as 
have been opened, and in some of them are strata of earth 
composing the mound, which differ from each other and 
from the earth in the immediate vicinity. The different 
layers of earth were about a foot in thickness, and between 
them charcoal and ashes were found, in which human 
bones lay in a horizontal position. From these facts it 
has been conjectured, that when the monuments were 
erected, it was customary to burn the dead, and then 
cover the bones with earth, and that probably from time 
to time this process was repeated until the mound was 
finished. Religious ceremonies and superstitious rites 
may also have been connected with these works. They 
are most frequent in the vicinity of alluvial bottoms, and 
where even in early times the abundance of game, and 
other advantages, would accommodate the most popula- 
tion. 

" There are none of these works which cannot claim a 
great antiquity, for the trees on them differ in no respect as 
regards age, from those in the venerable forests around. 



PRESENT INHABITANTS. 27 

While these memorials of an age long past are so distinct, 
the large establishment of the Jesuits at Ouiatenon, and 
the various military works of the state, formerly so im- 
portant for defense against Indian hostilities, scarcely 
show any remains of what they once were. 

" On the bottom of Big Flat Rock, in the northwest 
corner of Decatur county, is a mound about eighty feet in 
diameter, and eight feet high, originally covered with 
trees, like the other forests around. An excavation was 
made into it a few years since. First, there was a mix- 
ture of earth, sand, and gravel for one foot; then dark 
earth, charcoal, lime, and burnt pebbles were cemented 
together so as to be penetrated with difficulty ; then a bed 
of loose sand and gravel, mixed with charcoal ; then were 
found the bones of a human being, in a reclining position, 
with a flat stone over the breast and another under the 
scull. Most of the bones were nearly decomposed, but- 
some of them, and a part of the teeth, were quite sound. 
From the size of such of the bones of the skeleton as re- 
main, it must have once been of gigantic size. A short 
distance from this mound is a much smaller one, which 
contains a great number of skeletons." 

Present Inhabitants. — The French were the first 
Europeans that settled within the limits of Indiana, and 
their first permanent settlement was at Vincennes, on the 
Wabash. At this period the country was included in that 
extensive boundary called New France, which was ceded 
to Great Britain in 1763. This cession stayed the progress 
of settlement, and it was not before the commencement of 
the present century that any farther accession to the popu- 
lation was made. The country, however, was found invit- 
ing, and since then has been rapidly thrown open, and has 
been as rapidly filled up by people from all lands. Ire- 
land, Germany, and the eastern states of the union, have 



28 INDIANA. 

been the principal contributors to the state, but it would 
at the same time be more difficult to mark out the due 
proportions of each, than to say what nationality is not 
represented in the blood of the Indiana people. The popu- 
lation at the present time amounts to 988,416, and is thus 
classed in the census of 1850 : 

Classes. Maies. Females. Total. 

White Persons 506,400 471,205 977,605 

Indians (in Cass County) . 8 15 23 

Colored 5,472 5,316 10,788 



Total 511,880 476,536 988,416 

And in order to exhibit its actual and relative progress, 
the following abstract of each census from 1800 is ap- 
pended : 



Date of 


White 


Colored 


Persons. 


Total 


Decennial Increase. 


Census. 


Persons. 


Free. 


Slave.*" 


Popula. 


Numerical. 


Per 100. 


1800 


4,577 


163 


135 


4,875 


— 


— 


1810 


23,890 


393 


237 


24,520 


19,645 


402.9 


1820 


145,758 


1,230 


190 


147,178 


122,658 


500.2 


1830 


339,399 


3,629 


3 


343,031 


195,853 


133.8 


1840 


678,698 


7,165 


3 


685,866 


342,835 


99.9 


1850 


977,628 


10,768 


— 


988,416 


302,550 


44.1 



The distribution of the population to the several counties 
is given, with the special description thereof. 

Rapid increase of population is one of the chief indica- 
tions of a happy state of society, and depends solely on the 
absence of checks caused by misgovernment and want of 
employment. In a new country like Indiana, where free 
republican institutions exist in their full power, and where 
so much vacant land is to be found, these drawbacks must 
necessarily exist to a very limited extent, and hence it is 
that we find an increase in every thing pertaining to the 
general prosperity of the state, and a special ratio of in- 

* Or more properly, indentured apprentices. 



PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRY. 29 

crease in relation to population. No want of the means 
of subsistence is known to the industrious, and early mar- 
riages, the result of a plentiful abundance and easy cir- 
cumstances, insure a regular recuperation of numbers in 
a natural way ; and the same causes are the inducements 
to immigration. The above tables tell the result of so 
auspicious a combination of circumstances, and from them 
we find that from 1840 to 1850 the absolute increase of 
population was 302,550, and its relative increase 44.11 per 
centum — an increase which, if sustained, would indicate a 
duplication of the population about every twenty-two and 
a half years. The following statistics, as exhibited in the 
census of 1850, will elucidate the condition of the people 
at that period in regard to housing, pauperism, crime, and 
the infirmities incident to all communities. The number of 
dwelling houses was 170,178, and the number of families^ 
171,564, each of which in the aggregate containing 5.82 
persons ; the number of paupers was 861, or about 0.87 
per 1,000 of the population ; the number of convicts was 
81, or about 0.08 per 1,000 of the population; the num- 
ber of blind persons was 278 ; of deaf and dumb persons, 
517 ; of insane persons, 442 ; and of idiots, 617 ; the num- 
ber of marriages in 1849-50 was 11,231, and the number 
of deaths, 12,728. 

Productive Industry. — The industry of the people is 
chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits and commerce. 
The trades and manufactures, although these have made 
considerable progress, are yet engaged in to a compara- 
tively limited extent. Commerce and transportation are 
in a most prosperous condition. 

Agriculture. — The number of farms under cultivation 
in 1850 was 93,896, and the quantity of land improved at 
that date, 5,019,822 acres, or about one fourth part of the 
surface of the state. The value of these farm lands was 



30 INDIANA. 

assessed at $128,325,552, and the value of farming utensils 
at $6,748,722. The live stock, valued in the aggregate at 
$22,398,965, consisted of 310,475 horses, 7,068 mules and 
asses, 280,052 milch cows, 37,108 working oxen, 385,969 
other descriptions of horned cattle, 1,068,413 sheep, and 
2,314,909 swine. The products from animals in the year 
1849-50 was— wool, 2,202,763 pounds; butter, 12,748,186 
pounds, and cheese 666,986 pounds ; and animals slaugh- 
tered were valued at $5,668,374. The quantity of honey 
and beeswax obtained was 830,261 pounds, and of silk co- 
coons 1,591 pounds. The great grain crop is that of Indian 
corn, which in 1849-50 amounted to 52,887,564 bushels. 
The crop of wheat amounted to 5,625,474 bushels; that of 
oats to 5,269,645 bushels ; and the crops of buckwheat, 
rye, and barley, to 174,972, 80,948, and 39,815 bushels 
respectively. The hay crop was 402,791 tons ; that of 
clover seed 17,591 bushels, and of other grass seed 35,803 
bushels; that of peas and beans, 38,109 bushels; that of 
Irish potatoes, 1,969,693 bushels, and of sweet potatoes, 
211,925 bushels. The value of garden products was 
$68,134, and of the products of the orchard, $339,000. 
Beside those above enumerated, there was produced, 
tobacco, 1,035,146 pounds; wine, 13,004 gallons; hops, 
124,685 pounds; hemp, 1,569 tons; flax, 559,508 pounds; 
and cotton, 2,000 pounds; also, maple sugar, 2,921,638 
pounds, and maple molasses, 181,518 gallons. The value 
of home-made goods is stated at $1,647,200. 

Manufactures. — The total capital invested in manufac- 
tures amounted in 1850 to $7,235,220, which was distrib- 
uted to 4,326 establishments, and the value of manufactured 
products was $19,199,681. The manufactures of Indiana 
center in no one locality, but are distributed more or less 
to all the counties. The manufactures of iron, cotton, 
and wool, employ but a small moiety of the aggregate 



PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRY. 31 

capital. The chief towns in which any large factories are 
established are Madison, Jeffersonville, and Cannelton on 
the Ohio, and some of the principal towns on the Wabash. 
The manufacture of iron is mainly confined to the western 
portion of the state. In 1849-50 there were in the whole 
state but 19 establishments pursuing this branch, the sta- 
tistics of which are as follows : 





Pig Iron. 


Cast Iron. 


Wr't. Iron. 


Total. 


Number of establishments, 2 


14 


3 


19 


Capital invested, 


$72,000 


$32,900 


$17,000 


$171,900 


Value of raw material, 


$24,400 


$66,918 


$4,42? 


$95,743 


Hands employed, 


88 


143 


24 


255 


Monthly wages paid, 


$2,290 


$3,600 


$594 


$6,384 


Value of Products, 


$58,000 


$149,430 


$11,760 


$219,190 



The manufacture of cotton goods employs only two es- 
tablishments and 95 hands ; capital invested, $43,220 ; 
value of raw material, etc. , $28,220, and value of products, 
$44,200 ; and the woolen manufactures employ 33 houses 
and 226 hands; capital invested $171,545; value of raw 
material and fuel used, $120,486, and of products, $205,802. 
From these statistics it will be seen that the great manu- 
factures of the Union bear but a small proportion in regard 
to the miscellaneous manufactures in Indiana. The bal- 
ance of the capital, after deducting these from the aggre- 
gate invested, is employed chiefly in milling, tanneries, 
distilling, and other manufactures incident to an agricul- 
tural country. In this account of manufactures, however, 
it must be observed that none are taken into account, the 
products of which do not amount to $500 per annum. 

Commerce. — The staples of export from Indiana consist 
chiefly of its agricultural products. Flour and pork, how- 
ever, may be considered as the exportable material, the 
first of which is exported chiefly from the north, and the 
latter from the south outlets ; and to these may be added 
horses, cattle, corn, poultry, the products of the dairy, 



32 INDIANA. 

and other agricultural staples. The numerous railroads, 
with the canals, form the great avenues of transportation, 
and it may here be observed that scarcely any portion of 
the state is now far away from one or more of these. Be- 
yond the state the greatest facilities are enjoyed for trans- 
port to the seaboard ; the Ohio river on the south forms a 
great highway to the west and to the gulf of Mexico, and 
east to Pittsburg, and the line of railway and canal 
through Pennsylvania to the Atlantic. The northern 
lakes in like manner afford a direct communication with 
the railroad and canal systems of New York and New 
England, and also to the British provinces. The great 
bulk of the commercial material, however, is sent to New 
York for export to foreign countries, but nevertheless a 
considerable moiety of the whole is carried farther east to 
New England, the great industrial hive of the Union, 
for consumption, and in a lesser amount to New Orleans. 
The returns for these exports are goods of every descrip- 
tion. The ports on the Ohio river are Lawrenceburg, 
Madison, Jefferson, New Albany, Fredonia, Evansville, 
etc; and on Lake Erie, in Sandusky, Cleveland, etc., in 
Ohio, which are reached by canal and railroad. Michigan 
City, on Lake Michigan, is the sole port of consequence on 
the northwest. 

Banks. — The " State Bank of Indiana" is the only insti- 
tution of the kind known to the laws of the state. The 
principal office is located at Indianapolis, and there are 
branches at Bedford, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapo- 
lis, Lafayette, Lawrenceburg, Madison, Michigan City, 
New Albany, Richmond, South Bend, Terre Haute, and 
Vincennes. The bank does not issue or pay notes, except 
at its several branches. The aggregate condition of this 
institution on the 16th November, 1850, is shown in the 
following figures ; 



CANALS. 



33 



Liabilities. 

Capital (State) $ 1,006,604 27 

» (individuals) 1,076,346 32 



Surplus funds 

Profit and loss 

Divid. unredeemed. 
Suspended int., etc. 



$2,082,950 59 

. $750,678 17 
97,258 59 
27,661 91 
34,600 66 



Due to banks 

Due sinking fund . . 
Due school fund . . . 
Branch balances . . . 



Due depositors 

Notes in circulation 
Less notes on hand. 



$910,199 33 

112,175 47 

43,467 83 

2,763 93 

6,168 75 



$164,575 98 

. $556,432 70 

.$3,548,267 50 

126,822 50 

$3,421,445 00 



Total liabilities .$7,135,603 60 



Resources. 

Notes discounted ...$1,709,935 38 
Bills of exchange . . . 2,414,951 06 



$4,124,886 44 



Suspended debt $270,213 77 

Banking houses, etc. 175,610 22 
Other real estate .... 188,623 32 



$634,447 31 

Funds in E. cities . . . $449,153 09 

Due from banks . 148,861 17 

Remittances, etc 247,048 01 

Ind. treas. notes .... 108,485 00 



$943,547 27 



Notes of other banks $224,842 00 
Gold and silver 1,197,880 58 



$1,422,722 58 



Total resources. $7,135,603 60 



Canals. — The Wabash and Erie canal is the greatest 
work of internal improvement in Indiana. The act of 
Congress, granting lands for its construction, was passed 
in 1827, and additional grants were made by the acts of 
1841 and 1845. The canal was commenced in 1832, and 
completed to Lafayette in 1841 ; to Covington in 1846, to 
Coal Creek in 1847, to Terre Haute in 1849, and to Point 
Commerce in 1851 ; and its final completion to Evansville, 
on the Ohio, is fixed for 1853. The length of the canal in 
Indiana is 375 miles, and in Ohio from the state line to 
Toledo, on Maumee Bay, 84 miles ; making, on the whole, 
a line of artificial inland navigation equal to 459 miles ; 
and in addition to this the navigable channel is continued 
southward to Cincinnati, 181 miles, through the Miami 
canal. The Whitewater canal, connecting the navigation 



34 INDIANA. 

of the Ohio at Lawrenceburg with Cambridge City and 
the towns on the Great National road, is 76 miles long. 
Many other canals were included in the original design, 
and some were commenced, but all else than the above 
have been abandoned. The expenses attending the prose- 
cution of these great works laid the foundation of the 
present public debt. 

Railroads. — In the great enterprise of the age, Indi- 
ana has outstripped all its western competitors, save Ohio, 
which alone has eclipsed it in the grandeur of its system 
of internal improvements. The lines of this state com- 
pleted, progressing, and proposed, the latter including 
only those that will be built, extend in length upward of 
1,600 miles, of which 640 miles, more or less, are in suc- 
cessful operation. The names and lengths of the several 
roads are as follows : 

1. The Madison and Indianapolis railroad, extending 
between the two places, and running through Wirt, Lan- 
caster, Vernon, Queensville, Scipio, Elizabethtown, Co- 
lumbus, Taylorsville, Edinburg, Franklin, Greenwood, 
Southport, etc., has a length of 86 miles. Branches con- 
necting with this line diverge from Edinburg to Shelby- 
ville, 16 miles, and thence to Rushville, 20 miles, and to 
Knightstown, 27 miles; and from Franklin, through 
Liberty and Morgantown, to Martinsville, 29 miles. 

2. The Jeffersonville and Columbus railroad, running 
through Sellusburg, Vienna, Rockford, Azalia, etc., is 
66 miles long, uniting with the Madison and Indianapolis 
railroad at Columbus, whence to Indianapolis, is 41 miles. 

3. The New Albany and Salem railroad, now open to 
Gosport, and which is intended to be continued to Craw- 
fordsville, whence to Lafayette the line is already com- 
pleted, and from the latter place directly to Michigan 
City, will be the longest line in the state. From New 



RAILROADS. 35 

Albany to Salem the distance is 35 miles, and thence to 
Gosport, by way of Bedford and Bloomington, it is 44 miles, 
and to Crawfordsville 51 miles; from Crawfordsville to 
Lafayette the distance is 26 miles, and from Lafayette to 
Michigan City 97 miles ; in all, about 253 miles. In its 
course it will intersect the Cincinnati and St. Louis rail- 
road, the Terre Haute and Indianapolis railroad, the Wa- 
bash and Erie canal, and the northern lines of railroad 
running round the head of Lake Michigan, all of which 
will become its tributaries. 

4. The Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis railroad will 
pass through Greensburg, St. Omer, and Shelby ville, a 
distance of 91 miles. 

5. The Evansville and Illinois railroad, now finished to 
Princeton, 26 miles, will be extended to Yincennes, 25 
miles farther, and perhaps to Terre Haute. 

6. The Terre Haute and Indianapolis railroad, taking 
almost the direction of the National road, will unite the 
two places, distant 72 miles, and in connection with the 
Indiana Central railroad, form an east and west line from 
Ohio to Illinois. 

7. The Indiana Central railroad, 71 £ miles long, ex- 
tends from Indianapolis to Richmond, and is continued 
thence four miles to the Ohio line by the Richmond rail- 
road. 

8. The Cincinnati and St. Louis railroad will extend 
from the eastern line of the smte to Vincennes, on the 
Wabash, about 160 miles, and be continued thence through 
Illinois. 

9. The New Castle and Richmond railroad, connecting 
the two places, is 27 miles long. 

10. The Indianapolis and Bellefontaine railroad, one 
of the most important in the state, commences at Indian- 
apolis, where it connects with the roads diverging there- 



36 INDIANA. 

from, and runs thence in a northeastern direction through 
Pendleton, Andersontown, and Muncietown, to the Ohio 
state line, a distance of 83 miles, where it connects with 
the railroads of Ohio. 

11. The Lafayette and Indianapolis railroad passes in 
an almost direct line between the two places, a distance of 
68 miles. 

12. The Peru and Indianapolis railroad is 73 miles 
long, and runs in a north and south direction, through 
Noblesville, Buena Vista, Kokomo, Miami, Leonda, etc. 

13. The Northern Indiana railroad, a continuation of 
the Southern Michigan railroad, extends from the north- 
ern state line, about five miles east of where the line is 
cut by St. Joseph's river, through Bristol, Elkhart, South 
Bend, New Carlisle, La Porte, and thence onward to the 
western line of the state, and beyond it to Chicago in Illi- 
nois. Its length is 135 miles, and it has branches to Go- 
shen and Michigan City. The Michigan Central railroad 
is also being carried round the head of Lake Michigan 
toward Chicago. 

These are the principal lines, but there are others ; and 
many whose old charters have laid dormant for years will 
now be brought into existence. 

Other Roads. — The state has long been provided with 
good macadamized roads and ordinary county roads, 
and in many of these the public treasury is a large cred- 
itor. The plank-road system has been introduced, and 
already from and between the more considerable cities 
and towns this species of communication has become very 
common. But it is unnecessary in this place to enter into 
the details of them — the map, of which this volume is an 
accompaniment, will more readily convey to the inquirer 
information respecting them than the most labored de- 
scription possibly could do. 



GOVERNMENT. 37 

Government. — The government, as now organized, is 
based on the constitution -which went into operation No- 
vember 1st, 1851. This instrument of the fundamental 
law of the state secures the right of voting at elections to 
every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one 
years of age, resident in the state six months next preced- 
ing, and to every white male of foreign birth, resident in 
the United States one year, and in the state six months next 
preceding, who shall have duly declared his intention to 
become a citizen of the United States. Xo negro or mu- 
latto can vote ; and all persons using bribery, threats, or 
rewards, to procure their election, shall be ineligible to 
hold office during the term for which they may have been 
elected. Duelists and public defaulters are barred from 
all offices of profit and trust. All elections by the people 
are by ballot, and all elections by the General Assembly 
are viva voce. The second Tuesday in October is the day 
on which the general elections are held. 

The legislative powers are vested in a General Assem- 
bly, which consists of a Senate of not more than fifty mem- 
bers, and House of Eepresentatives of not more than one 
hundred members, both classes being elected from districts 
by the people thereof, the senators for four years, and the 
representatives for two years ; and the former must be at 
least twenty-five years old, and the latter at least twenty- 
one years old. They must be at the time of their election 
citizens of the United States, residents of the state for the 
two years next preceding and of the district by which 
chosen for one year. One half the senate and all the 
representatives are renewed biennially. The General 
Assembly convenes at Indianapolis biennially on the Thurs- 
day next after the first Monday of January, and it is ex- 
pressly provided in the constitution that no regular session 
shall continue for more than sixty-one, and no special 
4 



38 INDIANA. 

session for more than forty days. The lieutenant-governor 
is ex-officio president of the senate; the representatives 
elect their own speaker. 

The executive powers of the state are vested in a 
governor, who is chosen by a plurality of the popular 
votes, for four years. The governor must be at least 
thirty years old, and have been a citizen and resident of 
the United States and of the state for the five years next 
preceding his election. Persons holding office under the 
state or United States are ineligible for the office of gov- 
ernor of the state. The gubernatorial term commences on 
the second Monday of January. In case of the removal 
or death of the governor, the lieutenant-governor (elected 
at the same time and under the same circumstances as the 
governor) would succeed to the office, and should disability 
or death prevent him from assuming the dignity, then it 
is competent for the General Assembly to appoint some 
other person. The governor has the power to grant par- 
dons, etc., except in cases of treason and impeachment ; 
he may veto an act of the legislature, but, if afterward 
passed by a majority of those elected to both houses, it 
becomes law nevertheless. The governor is not eligible 
for re-election until the expiration of four years from the 
close of his official term. 

The chief administrative officers — namely, the secretary 
of state, the auditor of the public accounts, and the 
treasurer of state, are chosen by the people for two years, 
and no persons are eligible for these offices for more than 
four out of every six years. 

The administrative officers of the counties are chosen 
by the voters of the counties respectively, and of these 
the most important are the county auditor, recorder, 
treasurer, sheriff, coroner, and surveyor, also the clerk 
of the circuit court ; the two first and last one are elected 



FINANCES. 39 

for four years, and are not eligible for office for more than 
eight in every twelve years, and the others hold office for 
two years, but no one is eligible to the office of treasurer 
or sheriff more than four out of six years. All county 
officers must be inhabitants of the places from which they 
are chosen for at least one year before their election, and 
they and town officers must reside in their precincts. 

The judiciary consists of a supreme court, circuit 
courts, and other courts of inferior jurisdiction. The Su- 
preme Court, to consist of not less than three, nor more 
than five judges, has appellate jurisdiction, and such origi- 
nal jurisdiction as the legislature may direct. The 
judges are chosen from districts by the people at large for 
six years, and the clerk of the court is chosen for four 
years. The Circuit Courts consist of one judge for each 
circuit, chosen by the people thereof for six years, and a 
prosecuting attorney, elected for two years. Justices of 
the peace are chosen for four years by the people in the 
several towns. The practice of law in all the courts of the 
state is open to all voters of good moral character. His 
opinions on matters of religion does not render a witness 
incompetent in any case; and in all criminal cases the 
juries may determine the law and the facts. 

Finances. — The official report of the auditor of public 
accounts, made on the 31st of October, 1850, gives the 
following statements of the revenue and expenditures, 
debt of the state, etc. : 

Balance in the treasury, 31st Oct., 1849 . . . $428,941 19 

Revenue for financial year ending at this 

date $ 1,432,442 78— $1,861,383 97 

Warrants on the treasury for year end- 
ing at this date $1,513,534 04 



Balance in the treasury 31st Oct., 1850, $347,849 93 

Principal Sources of Income. — Permanent revenue, 



40 INDIANA. 



5,630 02; state prison, $11,145 42; common school 
fund, $55,863 00 ; university fund, $9,477 04 ; bank tax, 
$1,984 19; saline fund, $4,999 45; Wabash and Erie 
canal, by trustees, $857,149 61, etc. 

Chief Expenditures. — Legislature, $31,010 64; execu- 
tive, $5,877 93 ; judiciary, $19,705 81 ; public printing, 
$11,522 49 ; state library, $964 81 ; state prison, $3,606 63 ; 
treasury notes cancelled, $144, 575 00 ; interest on treasury 
notes, $59,420 78; interest on public debt, $188,595 00; 
Wabash and Erie canal, by trustees, $824,987 85; deaf 
and dumb, $27,979 92; blind, $11,78109; insane hos- 
pital, $32,501 33 ; university fund, $14,332 39 ; saline 
fund, $7,765 53; bank tax fund, $3,624 96, etc. 

The lands assessed for taxes in 1850 amounted to 
17,025,109 acres, valued for purposes of taxation at 
$59,314,861, and the improvements were valued at 
$25,414,851; town lots and buildings at $16,140,540; 
corporation stock at $286,516 ; personal property at 
$36,276,797 ; total taxable property, $137,443,565. The 
number of polls assessed in 1850 was 149,983. There is a 
poll tax of 75 cents, and an ad valorem tax upon property 
of 25 cents on the $100 for state purposes. The state tax 
levied for the year 1850 amounted to $571,512 74; the 
county tax to $453,809 24; the road tax to 147,500 02; 
the school tax to $127,641 33 ; other taxes to $32,239 24 ; 
and delinquent taxes to $186,540 99 ; total taxes for 1850 
$1,519,243 56. 

Public Debt. — Prior to 1847, the state owed on her 
foreign debt, principal, $11,048,000; interest, $3,326,640; 
total, $14,374,640. By the acts of the legislature of 19th 
January, 1846, and 27th January, 1847, proposals were 
made to the holders of bonds that they should complete 
the Wabash and Erie canal, and take the state's interest 
in it for one half of this debt, and the state would issue 



FINANCES. 41 

new certificates for the other half, -upon which she would 
pay interest at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum until 
January, 1858, and after that time at 5 per cent., and 
issue certificates for one half of the arrears of interest, 
upon which she would pay interest at the rate of 2J per 
cent, per annum after January, 1853. In this 2 J per 
Cent, stock is also included 1 per cent, per annum upon 
the principal, which gives the holder of the old bond, 
when surrendered, 5 per cent, per annum upon the new 
5 per cent, stock from the dividend day next preceding his 
surrender of the old bonds. 

August 5, 1850, there had been surrendered of the old 
bonds, and new certificates taken under this proposition 
by the state, of principal, $9,563,000, leaving then out- 
standing of her old bonds, of principal, $1,485,000. The 
state has issued of the new certificates of stock, paying 4 
per cent, until 1853, and after that time 5 per cent., 
$4,781,500; of 2^ per cent, stock, she has issued 
$1,736,727 50. The state keeps an agency in the city of 
New York for the surrender of the old stock, issuing the 
new, and receiving transfers of the new. 

The state in 1839-40 authorized the issue of one and a 
half millions of treasury notes to pay off her internal im- 
provement liabilities. These notes were made receivable 
for all state dues, and have been annually returning into 
the treasury, and are now nearly all withdrawn from cir- 
culation. The state also issued bonds for the bank capital, 
and treasury notes to pay the bank a debt which the state 
owed it. But these treasury notes were based upon a 
sinking fund belonging to the state and held by the bank. 
The bank attends to the bonds issued for its capital, and 
also to the redemption of the notes based upon the sinking 
fund. The means held by the bank are considered ample 
for these purposes. 



42 INDIANA. 

The liabilities of the state and canal, August 5, 1850, 
may be thus stated : 

State Debt. 

.State's half principal of bonds surrendered $4,781,500 00 

State's half interest on bonds with one per cent, 
of principal, with half of coupons added 1,736,727 50 

Total foreign debt 6,518,227 50 

Add domestic debt 257,295 00 

Total foreign and domestic debt $6,775,522 50 

State Stock 

5 per cent. State stock $4,781,500 00 

2£ per cent. State stock 1,736,727 50 

5 per cent preferred Canal stock 4,079,500 00 

5 per cent, deferred Canal stock. 702,000 00 

2£ per cent, special preferred Canal stock 1,216,250 00 

2£ per cent, special deferred Canal stock 207,400 00 

Total stocks issued to August 5, 1850 12,723,377 58 

Deduct for 2} per cent. State stocks redeemed . 20,000 00 

Total outstanding, August 5, 1850 $12,703,377 50 

The state is paying interest only on her 5 per cent, 
state stock, at the rate of 4 per cent. After the year 1853 
the rate of interest on this will be 5 per cent. After 1853 
the 2J per cent, state stock will draw interest* at that rate. 
The remaining stocks are thrown upon the canal, and their 
redemption, principal and interest, depends upon the re- 
ceipts from the canal, in accordance with the provisions of 
the act above referred to. 

State Institutions. — At Indianapolis are located, 1st. 
The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, at which all the 
deaf mutes of the state, between ten and thirty years old, 
are entitled to education and board, without charge ; 2d. 
The Institute for the Blind, also free to all blind citizens 
not over twenty-one years old; and 3d. The Hospital for 






STATE PRISON EDUCATION. 43 

the Insane, open for the reception of patients from other 
states, but free only to those of the state X>f Indiana. 
These are noble institutions, and well supported. 

State Prison. — The state prison is located immediately 
below the city of Jeffersonville, and is a building of brjck, 
the walls of which are thirty inches thick ; in all , enclosing 
an area of four acres. The number of convicts in the 
prison on the 3d November, 1850, was 142, of which 93 
had been admitted during the year ending at that date. 
They are lodged in separate cells during the night, and 
are kept at hard labor, under the silent system, during 
the day. Of the convicts above named, 12 were less than 
20 years old, 69 from 20 to 30, 34 from 30 to 40, 16 from 
40 to 50, and 10 from 50 to 60 ; and 8 were committed for 
life, 1 for 36 years, and 67 for terms of 2 years and less. 
With regard to degree of education, it was found that 35 
had none at all, 25 could read only, 81 could read and 
write, and only one had had a good English education ; in 
regard to condition, 54 were married, 13 were widowers, 
and 75 were single persons ; in regard to habits, 61 were 
intemperate, 25 were moderate drinkers, and 56 temper- 
ate ; in regard to nativity, 23 were natives of Indiana, 26 
of foreign countries, and the remainder of other states of 
the Union; in regard of color, 128 were white persons, 
and 14 colored persons ; and in regard to offense, 114 were 
committed for offenses against property, and 28 for offenses 
against the person. The number of prisoners discharged 
during the last year was 83, of which 16 were by pardon, 
28 by expiration of sentence, 3 by escape, 1 by order of 
court, and 35 by death. From 1824 to 1830 the average 
number of prisoners was 35 ; from 1830 to 1840 it was 62, 
and from 1840 to 1850 it was 133. 

Education. — The old constitution (supplanted in 1851) 
made it obligatory on the legislature to " pass such laws 



44 INDIANA. 

as shall be calculated to encourage intellectual, scienti- 
fical, and agricultural improvements," and to provide by 
law for a general system of education, etc. These injunc- 
tions of constitutional law have no doubt been adminis- 
tered beneficially, if not to the satisfaction of all ; and it 
ma/ truly be said that few states have made greater pro- 
gress in practical education than has the state of In- 
diana. 

Common Schools. — By an act of the legislature, 19th 
January, 1849, the common school fund was constituted 
of the following funds, the estimated value of which is as 
annexed : 

Surplus revenue fund $694,216 91 

Saline fund 20,039 64 

Bank tax fund 29,923 25 

Sixteenth section fund, valued at 1,146,035 28 

Total. $1,890,215 08 

The new constitution, which also changes somewhat the 
former organization of the public schools, added to this 
fund the moneys to be derived from the sale of the old county 
seminaries (now abolished), and the moneys and property 
heretofore held for such seminaries ; all fines, forfeitures, 
and escheats ; and lands not otherwise specially granted, 
including the net proceeds of the sale of swamp lands 
granted to the state by the act of Congress, September 
28th, 1850. " The principal of this fund may be increased, 
but shall never be diminished, and its income shall be de- 
voted solely to the support of common schools." The 
whole system is under the supervision of a superintendent 
of public instruction, elected every two years by the 
people at large. There are about 300,000 children of an 
age proper for receiving education in Indiana, and of these 
about two thirds attend the common schools. 



EDUCATION. 45 

Colleges and Universities. — The Indiana University, 
at Blooniington, is a state institution, and since the 
organization of the government, has received the support 
of the public treasury. It is open to persons of every sect 
in religion, and hence it must steadily advance in pros- 
perity and usefulness. In 1850, exclusive of the prepara- 
tory department, it had 5 professors and 176 students; 
and its library contained 4,200 volumes. The number of 
its alumni was 200, of which 40 were ministers. Hano- 
ver College is located at Hanover, a pleasant village on 
the Ohio river bluffs, 4 miles below Madison. The col- 
lege buildings are 100 feet long, 40 feet wide, and two 
stories high. In 1850 it had 9 professors, 100 students, 
and in its library 4,600 volumes. The institution belongs 
to the Presbyterian church. Wabash College, at Craw- 
fordsville, is well appointed, and in 1850 had 6 professors, 
43 students, and a library of 6,000 volumes. It is non- 
sectarian in its character. The Indiana Ashbury Uni- 
versity is under Methodist auspices, and has been well 
endowed by that denomination. In 1848 the Central 
Medical College of Indiana was made a department of the 
institution. In 1850 there were in the literary depart- 
ment 8 professors, 120 students, and a library of 4,000 
volumes. Franklin College, in Johnson county, formerly 
the Indiana Baptist Manual Labor Institute, is also a 
flourishing institution, and there are several others, as 
St. Gabriel's College at Vincennes, and the University of 
Notre Dame du Lac, near South Bend, Roman Catholic 
institutions ; the Friends' Boarding-School, etc., all of 
which stand high as seats of learning. 

The Roman Catholics have a flourishing theological 
seminary at Vincennes ; and the Indiana Theological 
Seminary at Hanover, and the New Albany Theological 
Seminary, under Presbyterian direction, enjoy a well- 



46 INDIANA. 

earned reputation, for usefulness. The library of the lat- 
ter contains some 3,000 volumes. 

Law schools are attached to the Indiana State Univer- 
sity, and also to the Indiana Ashbury University. 

There are two medical schools in the state ; one, the 
Indiana Central, before mentioned, and another, the Indi- 
ana Medical College, at La Porte. In 1850 the first had 
7 professors and 104 students, and the latter 8 professors 
and 58 students. 

Most of these colleges have philosophical, chemical, and 
scientific apparatus, museums, and other facilities for il- 
lustration ; and although they do not claim to come up to 
the older institutions established in the Atlantic states, 
yet they are one and all competent to supply to the youth 
of the state a very reputable education, and fit them for 
the occupations in which their after life is destined to be 
occupied. Time is wanted to perfect them, and if the 
spirit of progress that has hitherto distinguished their 
career be maintained, no long period will elapse before 
the educational institutions of Indiana will equal the best 
appointed in the Union ; and if the cynic should in the 
interval intrude his criticisms, let it be pointed out to him 
that scarcely the third of a century has elapsed since the 
schoolmaster first crossed the borders of the state ©n his 
noble mission. 

Ecclesiastical Establishments. — According to the 
census of 1850 there were in Indiana 1,892 churches of all 
sects, and the value of church property was set down at 
$1,499,713, which sum, of course, does not include the prin- 
cipal from which the salaries of the clergy are produced. 
The voluntary system of contributing according to one's 
means and inclination, is, in fact, the only source from 
which the temporalities of that class of the population are 
derived. There is here no state church, as in Europe, nor 



ECCLESIASTICAL ESTABLISHMENTS. 47 

are there churches endowed, as in some of the old cities, 
which date from the era of the colonies, and hence the 
minister of the gospel has to depend on his own talents or 
integrity, as also on individual liberality, for a " living." 

The most numerous denomination is that of the Method- 
ist church. In 1850 it had two Conferences — those of Indi- 
ana and Northern Indiana. The Indiana Conference had 
133 traveling, 4 superannuated, and 290 local preachers, 
and 35,481 church members ; and connected with it were 
340 Sabbath-schools, having 3,154 teachers, and 16,329 
scholars. The Northern Indiana Conference had 122 
traveling, 12 superannuated, and 269 local preachers, and 
28,324 church members ; and connected therewith were 350 
Sabbath-schools, with 2,974 teachers, and 16,667 scholars. 

The Baptists rank next in point of numbers. In 1850 
the Regular Baptists had 24 associations, 392 churches. 
191 ordained ministers, 47 licensed ministers, and 18,311 
church members. During the year last past they had 
1,148 baptisms. The Anti-Mission Baptists had 7 associa- 
tions, 104 churches, 42 ordained ministers, 8 licensed 
ministers, and 3,870 members. The minor Baptist sects 
are also numerous. 

The Presbyterians (O. S.) have 2 synods. The Indiana 
synod has 5 presbyteries, 64 ministers, 104 churches, and 
5,288 members. The Northern Indiana synod has 4 
presbyteries, 31 ministers, 55 churches, and 1,927 mem- 
bers. 

The Presbyterians (N. S.) have 1 synod, 7 presbyteries, 
101 churches, 66 ministers, and 4,400 members ; and there 
are churches belonging to the Cumberland, Associate, 
Associate Reformed, and other Presbyterian sects. 

The Congregationalists have 9 parishes and 8 ministers, 
and the Unitarian Congregationalists a church at Can- 
nelton. 



48 INDIANA. 

The Universalists have a state convention, 10 associa- 
tions, 60 societies, 18 meeting houses, and 32 preachers. 
They support a high-school at Patriot, two periodicals de- 
voted to their religious views, and a missionary and tract 
society. 

The Society of Friends and the Moravian Brethren have 
also several stations ; the former are pretty numerous ; 
and all the minor sectaries known to Christianity have 
more or less standing room in the state. 

With regard to the Roman Catholic and Protestant Epis- 
copal Church, neither can be said to be numerous. The 
Roman Church is comprised within the diocese of Vin- 
cennes, and in 1850 had 77 church edifices, 38 priests in 
the ministry, 2 religious communities for females, a liter- 
ary institution for young men, 6 female academies, and 2 
orphan asylums. The Catholic population is from 45,000 
to 50,000. The Protestant Episcopalians are supervised 
by the Bishop of Indiana, the see of whose diocese is La- 
fayette. This church comprises 21 clergy, 269 families, 
549 communicants, and its population may be estimated at 
8,400. 

History. — The French from Canada were the first white 
men that invaded the wilderness of Indiana. The northern 
part of the state, as at present bounded, was visited by 
La Salle and Father Hennepin in 1690, and soon afterward 
mission stations and trading posts were established on the 
banks of the Wabash. Little is known of the history of 
these, but it is on record that the river liere named was 
used by the French as one of the thoroughfares between 
their possessions in Canada and those in Louisiana. The 
downfall of Quebec sealed also the fate of the posts on the 
Wabash, and by the treaty of 1763 the whole country east 
of the Mississippi was ceded to England, and after the 
struggle of the Revolution it became a part of the United 



GOVERNORS OF INDIANA. 49 

States of America. The first settlers (except the French 
on the Wabash) were from Virginia, and located them- 
selves at Clarksville in 1786. At this period Indiana 
formed a part of the " Territory northwest of the Ohio." 
Its present limits were defined in 1809, when it was erected 
into a separate territory, and in 1816 it became an inde- 
pendent state of the Union. 

GOVERNORS OF INDIANA. 

Territorial Governors. 

Arthur St. Clair {Governor of Territory N. W- of the Ohio) 

William H. Harrison 1801 

Thomas Posey 1812 

Governors under the Constitution. 

Jonathan Jennings, 1816 

Jonathan Jennings, (2d term) 1819 

William Hendricks 1822 

James B. Ray, (acting) Feb.1825 

James B. Ray 1825 

James B. Ray, (2d term) 1828 

Noah Noble 1831 

Noah Noble, (2d term) 1834 

David Wallace 1837 

Samuel Bigger 1840 

James Whitcomb 1843 

James Whitcomb, (2d term) 1846 

Joseph A. Wright 1849 

5 



COUNTY SEATS: 

THEIR DISTANCES FROM INDIANAPOLIS. 



County Seats. 


Counties. 


Miles. 


County Seats. 


Counties. 


Miles. 


Albion 


Noble 


125 .NE 


Levenw'rth 


Crawford .. 


126 S 


Anderson. . 


Madison . . . 


34 NE 


Liberty 


Union 


68 E 


Angola 


Steuben 


152 NE 


Logansport 


Cass 


70 N 


Auburn 


De Kalb . . . 


134 NE 


Madison . . . 


Jefferson . . . 


86 SE 


Bedford ... 


Lawrence .. 


75 SW 


Marion 


Grant 


68 NE 


Bloomfield. 


Greene 


80 SW 


Martinsville 


Morgan . . . 


31 SW 


Bloomingtn 


Monroe 


51 S 


Monticello . 


White 


82 NW 


Bluffton . . . 


Wells 


101 NE 


Mt. Vernon. 


Posey 


198 SW 


Booneville . 


Warrick . . . 


170 SW 


Munciet'wn 


Delaware... 


58 NE 


Bowling Gr. 


Clay 


60 SW 


Nashville . . 


Brown 


40 S 


Brookville . 


Franklin. . . 


70 SE 


New Albany 


Floyd 


86 S 


Brownsto'n 


Jackson 


70S 


Newcastle. 


Henry 


47 NE 


Centerville. 


Wayne 


64 E 


New Port . . 


Vermilion . . 


76 W 


Charleston. 


Clarke 


106 SE 


Noblesville. 


Hamilton . . 


21 NE 


Columbia.. 


Whitley 


105 NE 


Oxford 


Benton 


95 NW 


Columbus . 


Bartholomew 


41 SE 


Paoli 


Orange 


98 S 


Connersv'le 


Fayette 


62 E 


Peru 


Miami 


68 N 


Corydon... 


Harrison. . . 


120 S 


Petersburg. 


Pike 


118 SW 


Covington . 


Fountain . . 


75 NW 


Plymouth. . 


Marshall . . . 


114 N 


Crawfordsv 


Montgomery 


48 NW 


Portland... 


Jay 


94 NE 


Crown P'int 


Lake 


145 NW 


Princeton. . 


Gibson 


146 SW 


Danville . . . 


Hendricks. . 


20 W 


Rensselaer . 


Jasper 


106 NW 


Decatur . . . 


Adams 


HONE 


Rising Sun. 


Ohio 


96 SE 


Delphi 


Carroll 


65 NW 


Rochester.. 


Fulton 


92 N 


Dover Hill . 


Martin 


106 SW 


Rockport . . 


Spencer 


139 SW 


Evansville . 


Vanderburg 


180 SW 


Rockville . . 


Parke 


60 W 


Fort Wayne 


Allen 


112 NE 


Rome 


Perry 


126 S 


Frankfort. . 


Clinton 


41 NW 


Rushville . . 


Rush 


42 SE 


Franklin . . . 


Johnson . . . 


20 SE 


Salem 


Washington 


90S 


Goshen 


Elkhart 


132 N 


Shelby ville. 


Shelby 


26 SE 


Greencastle 


Putnam 


40 SW 


South Bend 


St. Joseph.. 


141 N 


Greenfield . 


Hancock . . . 


20 E 


Spencer . . . 


Owen 


53 SW 


Greensburg 


Decatur 


55 SE 


Sullivan . . . 


Sullivan . . . 


127 SW 


Hartford.. . 


Blackford . . 


75 NE 


Terre Haute 


Vigo 


73 W 


Huntington 


Huntington 


100 NE 


Tipton 


Tipton 


42 N 


Indianapo- 






Valparaiso. 


Porter 


162 NW 


lis 


Marion 


— 


Vernon 


Jennings . . 


66 S 


Jasper 


Dubois 


120 SW 


Versailles.. 


Ripley 


71 SE 


Knox 


Starke 


92 NW 


Vevay 


Switzerland. 


96 SE 


Kokomo . . . 


Howard 


51 N 


Vincennes . 


Knox 


120 SW 


Lafayette . . 


Tippecanoe. 


63 NW 


Wabash . . . 


Wabash 


92 NE 


La Grange . 


La Grange. 


101 N 


Warsaw . . . 


Kosciusko . . 


109 NE 


La Porte... 


La Porte . . . 


148 NW 


Washingt'n 


Daviess 


106 SW 


Lawrenceb. 


Dearborn . - 


97 SE 


Winchester 


Warren 


74 NW 


Lebanon... 


Boone 


28 NW 


Williamsp't 


Randolph.. 


92 NE 


Lexington . 


Scott 


85 SE 


Winnamac . 


Pulaski 


98 NW 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 



Adams county, organized 1836, contains 336 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Allen, east by the Ohio 
state line, south by Jay, and west by Wells. It is drained 
in the north by St. Mary's river, and in the south by the 
Wabash, both navigable for keel and flat boats, but now 
obstructed by mill dams. The surface is generally level, 
but near the rivers above named it is undulating. About 
thirty or forty sections are occupied by wet prairie, the 
source of numerous creeks and river bottoms ; the residue 
is upland, heavily timbered. The soil is a marly clay, 
and very fertile. Oak, hickory, buckeye, ash, beech, elm, 
linden, walnut, sycamore, poplar, cottonwood, etc., are the 
prevailing growths. Wheat, corn, and hay, form the sta- 
ple agricultural products, and horses, cattle, and hogs are 
raised in considerable numbers for export. In 1850 the 
county contained 1,002 dwellings and families, 5,797 in- 
habitants, 574 farms, and 11 productive establishments. 
Decatur, on the west side of St. Mary's river, is the 
county seat. 

Allen county, organized 1824, contains 672 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Noble and De Kalb, east by 
the Ohio state line, south by Adams and Wells, and west 
by Whitley and Huntington. The county is well water- 
ed, and has numerous fine mill streams. Little river and 
Aboite rise in the west, and, uniting near the county line, 
fall into the Wabash ; and the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's 



52 INDIANA. 

from Ohio unite at Fort Wayne, and form the Maumee, 
which, after a northeasterly course, falls into Lake Erie. 
These were formerly navigable in high water, but are now 
used only for mill purposes. Bee creek, in the southwest, 
Crooked creek in the east, and Cedar creek in the north, 
afford also considerable power. The surface is level and 
well timbered ; there are, however, some wet prairies, but 
these may be easily drained. The soils are excellent; 
near the streams they consist chiefly of a sandy loam, and 
in the interior of clay intermixed with marl, well adapted 
for cereal agriculture. In the northwest are numerous 
oak openings or barrens. The timber consists of oak, 
beech, walnut, buckeye, maple, ash, hickory, etc. In 1850 
the county contained 3,097 dwellings, 3,109 families, 
16,919 inhabitants, 1,300 farms, and 127 productive estab- 
lishments. Fort Wayne is the county seat. 

Bartholomew county, organized 1821, contains 405 
square miles, and is bounded north by Johnson said Shel- 
by, east by Decatur and Jennings, south by Jennings and 
Jackson, and west by Brown. The principal streams are 
Driftwood, or the east fork of White river, Flat Rock 
creek, and Clifty creek, the bottom lands of which occupy 
one fourth part of the county. The surface, except in the 
west, where the country is hilly and broken, is generally 
level or undulating, and the growths are walnut, blue ash, 
sugar-maple, etc. In the bottoms and level lands the soil 
is a rich alluvion, mixed with disintegrated limestone aad 
gravel. The more hilly parts have a clay soil, and there 
the oak, hickory, beech, etc., grow luxuriantly. The 
agricultural capabilities of the county are not surpassed 
anywhere, and, with the exception of some small extent of 
bog, on the inner margins of the bottoms, there is no ir- 
reclaimable land within its limits. In the neighborhood 
of White river and its tributaries the country is a perfect 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 53 

paradise. The products of agriculture exported from 
Bartholomew annually exceed in value half a million dol- 
lars. In 1850 there were in the county 2,149 dwellings, 
2,160 families, 12,428 inhabitants, 1,249 farms, and 49 
productive establishments. Columbus, on the east bank 
of the Driftwood, just below the mouth of Flat Rock 
creek, is the county seat. 

Benton county, organized 1840, contains 360 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Jasper, east by White and 
Tippecanoe, south by Warren, and west by the Illinois 
state line. The principal streams are Big and Little Pine 
creeks, which, after uniting, fall into the Wabash ; and Su- 
gar creek, which flows west into the Illinois, all of which 
have good motive-power. The surface is level or undu- 
lating, three fifths of the whole being prairie, and the resi- 
due timbered land and barrens nearly in equal proportion. 
The prairies are mostly dry and exceedingly rich. The 
principal growths in the timber region are oak, walnut, 
ash, sugar-tree, hackberry, pawpaw, etc. The staples of 
agriculture are corn, wheat, and oats, and the raising of 
cattle and hogs is much attended to. Mount Nebo and 
Mount Gilbo are noted mounds in the north part of the 
county. In 1850 the county contained 180 dwellings and 
families, 1,144 inhabitants, and 149 farms. Oxford, on 
the Lafayette and Chicago road, 20 miles from the former 
place, is the county seat. 

Blackford county, organized 1837, contains 169 
square miles, and is bounded north by Wells, east by Jay, 
south by Delaware; and west by Grant. The surface is 
generally level, but in some parts gently undulating, and 
the soils are excellent for farming purposes. It is water- 
ed by the Salamonie creek and Lick creek, the former a 
fine mill stream, and except a few wet prairies, the coun- 
try, in its natural state, was heavily timbered with oak, 



54 INDIANA. 

ash, beech, poplar, sugar-tree, walnut, hickory, and cher- 
ry. The surplus produce of the lands and a considerable 
number of horses, cattle, and hogs are annually exported. 
In 1850 the county contained 514 dwellings and families, 
2,860 inhabitants, 306 farms, and 6 productive establish- 
ments. Hartford, on Lick creek, a branch of Missis- 
sinewa river, is the county seat. 

Boone county, organized 1830, contains 408 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Clinton, east by Hamilton, 
south by Marion and Hendricks, and west by Montgomery. 
The prevailing soil is a black loam, several feet deep, rest- 
ing on a stratum of clay, and in some places of sand or 
coarse gravel ; it is very fertile and productive. No part 
of the state is better timbered, and only a small portion 
is open prairie. The crops are very large, and a consider- 
able surplus is annually exported. Boone county is sit- 
uated on the ridge or dividing swamps between White 
river and the Wabash, and contains the sources of Eagle 
creek, White Lick, and Walnut Fork of Eel river, which 
empty into the former, and of Big Racoon and Sugar 
creeks, which empty into the latter. None of the streams 
within the county, however, are of much importance as 
mill seats, being sluggish, and in the dry season of in- 
sufficient volume. Game is very abundant, and in former 
times hunting was the chief employment of the inhab- 
itants. In 1850 the county contained 1,914 dwellings, 
1,936 families, 11,631 inhabitants, 1,393 farms, and 28 
productive establishments. Lebanon, on the state road 
from Indianapolis to Lafayette, is the county seat. 

Brown county, organized 1836, contains 320 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Morgan and Johnson, 
east by Bartholomew, south by Jackson, and west by Mon- 
roe. The surface generally is hilly, but about one third 
part of it consists of fertile valleys and rich bottoms. The 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 55 

timber on the hills is white and chestnut oak, hickory, 
etc., and in the bottoms walnut, poplar, sugar, hackberry, 
cherry, buckeye, elm, etc. Corn and hemp grow well in 
the bottoms ; wheat, oats, and grass on the hills. Salt 
creek, the principal stream, and its tributaries, and Bear 
Blossom creek, carry off the surplus waters. In 1850 
the county contained 790 dwellings, 805 families, 4,846 in- 
habitants, 535 farms, and 5 productive establishments 
Nashville is the county seat. 

Carroll county, organized 1828, contains 376 square 
miles, and is bounded north by White and Cass, east by 
Cass and Howard, south by Clinton, and west by Tippe- 
canoe and White. The surface is generally level, but un- 
dulates considerably along the Wabash, Tippecanoe, and 
Wild Cat, which are its principal streams. Four fifths of 
the country was originally forest land, heavily timbered 
with oak, walnut, poplar, beech, and sugar-tree ; the re- 
mainder is dry prairie. The soil is a rich loam, well 
adapted for the cereals, etc., and these, with horses, cattle, 
and hogs are largely exported. The Wabash river and 
the Wabash and Erie canal, which cross this county, fur- 
nish great facilities for trade, and the streams generally 
may be used as mill seats. With such facilities the county 
has prospered wonderfully. In 1850 it contained 1,909 
dwellings and families, 11,015 inhabitants, 1,129 farms, and 
79 productive establishments. Delphi, on Deer creek, 
one mile from the Wabash, and on the Wabash and Erie 
canal, is the county seat. 

Cass county, organized 1829, contains 420 square miles, 
and is bounded north by Pulaski and Fulton, east by 
Miami, south by Howard and Carroll, and west by Carroll 
and White. The borders of the Wabash and Eel rivers 
are hilly or undulating, the other parts of the country 
level. All the south part is heavily-timbered bottoms or 



56 INDIANA. 

table-land, the center is mostly bottom or high bluff-land, 
and the north is principally prairie. The high timber- 
lands are exceedingly valuable, and suitable for every 
description of grain or grass, the prairie is most produc- 
tive of wheat crops, and the bottoms of those of corn. 
Considerable manufactures are carried on in the county, 
fostered by the valuable water-power afforded by the Wa- 
bash and Eel rivers, and also by Twelve Mile, Pipe, and 
Crooked creeks. Iron ore, building stone, etc., are abun- 
dant. In 1850 the county contained 1,863 dwellings, 1,881 
familes, 11,021 inhabitants, 1,134 farms, and 108 produc- 
tive establishments. Logansport, at the junction of the 
Wabash and Eel rivers, and on the Wabash and Erie canal, 
is the county seat. 

Clark county, organized 1801, contains 400 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Scott and Jefferson, east 
and south by the Ohio river, and west by Floyd and 
Washington. The surface is usually rolling but not hilly, 
except the bluffs bordering on the Ohio and its tributaries, 
Silver creek and Fourteen Mile creek, with others less 
important, drain the lands. A singular chain of hills 
termed " Knobs," form the northwest and west boundary 
of the county — these are crowned with fine forest growths, 
and are the only portions which are out of the reach of 
cultivation. In the neighborhood of the Ohio the soil has 
a calcareous basis, and is equal to the best bottoms in 
productiveness ; in the back country the land is more in- 
clined to be wet, and the soils are better adapted to grasses 
than to cereal agriculture. The arts and manufactures 
have made good progress in this county. In 1850 the 
county contained 2,757 dwellings, 2,807 families, 15,822 
inhabitants, 1,048 farms, and 88 productive establish- 
ments. Charlestown, situated two miles and a half from 
the Ohio river, thirteen miles above the falls, is the county 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 57 

seat. Jeffersonville, opposite Louisville, is the most 
important city, being the south terminus of the Jefferson- 
ville and Indianapolis railroad. 

Clay county, organized 1825, contains 360 square miles, 
and is bounded north by Parke, east by Putnam and Owen, 
south by Greene, and west by Sullivan and Vigo. Eel 
river and its branches, Birch, Otter, Cross, and Jordan 
creeks, are the only streams of consequence within its lim- 
its. The surface is generally level ; it has a fair portion 
of good land, mostly heavily timbered, and in the south- 
west are some beautiful prairies. Coal and iron ore are 
abundant and easy of access. The exports are wheat, 
cattle, and hogs. The Terre Haute and Indianapolis rail- 
road passes through this county. In 1850 the county 
contained 1,326 dwellings and families, 7,944 inhabitants, 
829 farms, and 10 productive establishments. Bowling- 
Green, on the east side of Eel river, is the county seat. 

Clinton county, organized 1830, contains 432 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Carroll, east by Tipton 
and Hamilton, south by Boone, and west by Tippecanoe. 
The principal streams are the middle and south forks of 
the Wild-Cat river, Sugar creek, and some of lesser im- 
portance. The surface, except near and on the banks of 
the Wild-Cat, is level ; and the whole, with the exception 
of some small prairies, is heavily timbered. The soil is 
mostly alluvial, with a clay bottom. The pasturage is 
everywhere excellent, and the crops of wheat heavy. 
Horses, cattle, hogs, and wheat are largely exported, The 
Indianapolis and Lafayette railroad passes through the 
southwest part of the county. In 1850 there were in 
Clinton 2,001 dwellings, 2,091 families, 11,869 inhabitants, 
1,411 farms, and 21 productive establishments. Frank- 
fort, on the west side of Prairie Branch, is the county 
seat. 



58 



INDIANA. 



Crawford county, organized 1818, contains 320 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Orange and Washington, 
east by Harrison, south by the Ohio river, southwest and 
west by Perry and Dubois. The surface is very uneven 
and broken, and the soil, except near the river, is of an 
indifferent character. Oak and poplar are the prevailing 
natural growths ; the agricultural productions are wheat, 
corn, potatoes, tobacco and grass. Lumber is the princi- 
pal export, but considerable quantities of pork and flour 
and some beef cattle are sent to the southern markets. 
Coal and iron abound in the western districts. The Great 
Blue river washes the eastern border of the county, and 
affords valuable water-power. Near this stream, four 
miles from Levenworth, is a large cave, which has been 
explored more than two miles, without reaching its termi- 
nation. The floor of this cave, as well as some others ex- 
isting in this county, was covered with crystallized salts 
when first discovered. Little Blue river and Oil creek 
also traverse this county. In 1850 Crawford county con- 
tained 1,027 dwellings and families, 6,524 inhabitants, 
540 farms, and 33 productive establishments. Leven- 
worth, on the Ohio, at the Horse Shoe Bend, is the county 
seat. 

Daviess county, organized 1817, contains 420 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Greene, east by Martin, 
south by the east fork of White river, which separates it 
from Dubois and Pike, and west by the west fork, which 
separates it from Knox. The northeast part of the county 
is rolling and heavily timbered ; the northwest level, and 
interspersed with prairies and skirts of timber ; the cen- 
ter is generally level, and what is usually called barrens ; 
and the south and east undulating and heavily timbered. 
Interspersed with oak, hickory, gum, etc., are occasional 
districts, containing from 1,000 to 5,000 acres of walnut, 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 59 

hackberry, ash and sugar-tree, and others of beech growth 
generally, the soil varying, as is usual, among such tim- 
ber in this region. The county contains every variety of 
soil, from a sandy to a pure clay. The White river bottoms 
have a rich black loam, in some places partly sandy, and 
were originally timbered. The principal products are corn 
wheat, rye, oats, hay, and potatoes, and the stock raised of 
hogs, cattle, and horses. The county has immense water- 
power, and White river affords steamboat navigation for 
half the year. The whole county may be considered ex- 
cellent farming land. The Central canal passes north 
and south, and the railroad from Cincinnati to Vincennes 
crosses it in the north, affording, together with its navi- 
gable rivers, great facilities to commerce. In 1850 it con- 
tained 1,803 dwellings and families, 10,352 inhabitants, 
1,221 farms, and 11 productive establishments. . Washing- 
ton, four miles east of White river, on the macadamized 
road from New Albany to Vincennes, twenty miles from 
the latter place, is the county seat. 

Dearborn county, organized 1821, contains 308 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Franklin, east by the 
Ohio State line and Ohio river, south by Ohio, and west 
by Ripley. The principal streams, besides the Ohio, are 
the Great Miami and White Water rivers, and Laughery, 
Tanner's, and Hogan's creeks. The bottoms of the Ohio, 
Miami, and White river, and the west and northwest parts 
of the county are level or slightly undulatory ; the resi- 
due is broken and hilly. In the hollows and on the hills 
the soil is a rich loam, and throughout the lands are very 
productive. Corn, wheat, and pork are the great staples, 
which are largely exported, and flour is extensively manu- 
factured for market. Manufactures of various kinds are 
also carried on. In 1850 the county contained 3,549 
dwellings, 3,602 families, 20,166 inhabitants, 1,520 farm3, 



60 INDIANA. 

and 72 productive establishments. White Water canal, 
also the Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis railroad and the 
Cincinnati and St. Louis railroad pass through this county. 
Lawrenceburg, on the Ohio, twenty-two miles below 
Cincinnati, and at the outlet of White Water canal, is the 
eounty seat. 

Decatur county, organized 1821, contains 380 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Rush, east by Franklin, 
south by Ripley and Jennings, and west by Bartholomew 
and Shelby. The surface is mostly level with gentle un- 
dulations, though on some of the streams it is hilly. The 
bottoms are rich though small ; the soil of the upland is 
a rich black loam, and the timber consists of ash, poplar, 
walnut, sugar-tree, oak, and beech. In the east and south 
there is some flat wet land, but there is little surface that 
can be called waste land in the county. Considerable 
quantities of products are annually exported. Manufac- 
tures are rapidly progressing. Flat Rock, Clifty, and 
Sand creeks are the principal streams, all affording favor- 
able mill seats. The railroad from Lawrenceburg to In- 
dianapolis passes through the county in a northwest and 
southeast direction. In 1850 it contained 2,662 dwel- 
lings, 2,683 families, 15,107 inhabitants, 1,377 farms, and 
39 productive establishments. Greensburg, on the head 
waters of Sand creek and on the line of the Lawrenceburg 
and Indianapolis railroad, is the county seat. 

De Kalb county, organized 1836, contains 365 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Steuben, east by the Ohio 
state line, south by Allen, and west by Noble. The prin- 
cipal stream is St. Joseph's of the Maumee, and its creeks 
are Cedar, Little Cedar, Fish, Buck, and Bear. The sur- 
face is generally undulating, and, with the exception of 
some wet prairies, heavily timbered. The soils are excel- 
lent for general farming, but hitherto there has been little 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 61 

surplus for export. Wheat, corn, oats, etc. , are the staples, 
and cattle raising engages much attention, In 1850 the 
county contained 1,421 dwellings, 1,424 families, 8,251 in- 
habitants, 831 farms, and 16 manufacturing establishments. 
Auburn, near the center of the county, is the county 
seat. 

Delaware county, organized 1827, contains 394 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Grant and Blackford, east 
by Jay and Randolph, south by Henry, and west by Madi- 
son. White river in the center, and the Mississinewa, which 
joins the Wabash in the north, near Peru, and their nu- 
merous tributaries, supply the county abundantly with 
water-power. The surface is mostly level or gently un- 
dulating — on the rivers and creeks even the hills are in- 
considerable. Prairie covers about one twentieth part of 
the county, and affords excellent meadow and pasture 
lands. The principal growths are oak, hickory, poplar, 
beech, walnut, sugar, linden, etc., with an undergrowth of 
hazel, dog-wood, spice, and prickly ash, but the oak land 
is more extensive than the beech. The Indianapolis and 
Bellefontaine railroad crosses the county in a direction 
east and west, and will afford great facilities to its develop- 
ment. In 1850 Delaware contained 1,874 dwellings and 
families, 10,843 inhabitants, 1,084 farms, and 34 produc- 
tive establishments. Muncietown, on the south side of 
White river, and opposite the site of Outainink, the old 
residence of the Muncie tribe of Delaware Indians, is the 
county seat. 

Dubois county, organized 1817, contains 432 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Davies and Martin, east 
by Orange and Crawford, south by Perry, Spencer, and 
Warrick, and west by Pike. The east fork of White river 
forms more than half of its northern boundary ; the 
Patoka is also a fine stream, and has several tributary 
6 



62 INDIANA. 

creeks, which are suitable for mill purposes. The bottoms 
of these streams are very rich, and occupy about one fifth 
part of the county. In the northeast, the country has a 
rolling surface; the residue is generally level. One 
eighth part of the county is occasionally inundated ; there 
is no prairie land, but the soils are generally good — not 
the best. The most common timber is white and black 
oak, poplar, walnut, sugar, beech, hickory, etc., with 
much undergrowth of dog-wood and spice bush. Corn 
and wheat are the staple products, which, with hogs and 
cattle, are exported largely. Coal is abundant. In 1850 
the county contained 1,146 dwellings and families, 6,321 
inhabitants, 794 farms, and 9 productive establishments. 
Jasper, on the Patoka, is the county seat. 

Elkhart county, organized 1830, contains 460 square 
miles, and is bounded north by the Michigan state line, 
east by Lagrange and Noble, south by Kosciusko, and 
west by Marshall and St. Joseph. St. Joseph river, and 
its tributary, the Elkhart, are unsurpassed as mill 
streams ; and the numberless creeks that enter into them 
supply abundant water-power to every part of the county ; 
and there are several small lakes in various parts, one of 
which in the southwest is the source of Yellow river, a 
branch of Kankakee. The country has generally an un- 
dulating surface, about one half of which is covered with 
timber ; the residue is either prairie or oak barrens. The 
principal growths are beech, maple, walnut, hickory, pop- 
lar, oak, and cherry. The prairies in the vicinity of St. 
Joseph and Elkhart rivers are remarkably fertile, and 
are highly cultivated. Wheat and corn are the staple 
products, and some 40,000 barrels of flour are annually 
exported. Other grains and grasses are also produced in 
abundance. Large beds of iron are found in the county, 
and at Mishawaka considerable amounts have been man- 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 63 

ufactured. The Northern Indiana railroad traverses this 
county east and west. In 1850 it contained 2,254 dwell- 
ings, 2,316 families, 12,690 inhabitants, 1,226 farms, and 
70 productive establishments. Goshen, on the east bank 
of the Elkhart river, is the county seat. 

Fayette county, organized 1818, contains 210 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Henry and Wayne, east 
by Union, south by Franklin, and west by Rush. The 
west fork of White Water river passes north and south 
through the county, dividing it almost centrally, and this, 
with its tributaries, affords abundant water-power at all 
seasons. In the east and south the surface is generally 
rolling, and in the north and west level, with a large por- 
tion of bottoms. Dense forests, principally of walnut, 
poplar, sugar, beech, hickory, oak, etc., originally cover- 
ed most of the county. The soil is everywhere remark- 
ably fertile, and the crops more than usually abundant. 
No other county, in proportion to its size, exports a 
greater amount of products. Pork, beef, and flour, are 
its staples, which are sent to market chiefly by the White 
Water canal, which passes along the valley of the river 
of the same name. In 1850 Fayette contained 1,818 dwell- 
ings, 1,835 families, 10,217 inhabitants, 986 farms, and 
116 productive establishments. Connersvill.e, situated 
on the canal and west of the river, is the county seat. 

Floyd county, organized 1819, contains 144 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Washington and Clarke, 
east by Clarke and the Ohio river, south and west by Har- 
rison. Silver creek divides Floyd from Clark county, and 
there are several other small creeks within the county. 
A range of hills called the " Knobs" traverses the county 
north and south, terminating on the Ohio near New 
Albany. These hills, which are from two to three miles 
wide, are covered with fine timber, oaks generally, but in 



64 INDIANA. 

some places pine. In the western parts poplar, chestnut, 
beech, and sugar are the prevalent growths, and in the 
bottoms of the Ohio and Silver creek, the timber common 
to such situations. The soil is very various ; little of it, 
however, can be classed as first-rate. Corn and grasses 
are the chief products, and the rearing of live stock is 
generally attended to. Manufactures and ship-building 
are carried on near the Ohio. In 1850 Floyd contained 
2,448 dwellings, 2,316 families, 14,875 inhabitants, 1,428 
farms, and 106 productive establishments. The New Al- 
bany and Salem railroad passes through the county. New- 
Albany, situated on the Ohio, two miles below the Falls, 
is the county seat. 

Fountain (Fontaine) county, organized 1825, contains 
390 square miles, and is bounded north by Warren, east 
by Tippecanoe and Montgomery, south by Parke, and 
west by Vermilion and Warren. The principal streams 
are the Wabash, which washes its western and northern 
borders, and its tributaries, Coal creek and Shawanee 
creek, which, with numerous arms, spread over a great 
portion of the county and afford abundant water-power. 
The surface is mostly level, though the central and south- 
ern parts are occasionally undulating, and it is beauti- 
fully variegated with heavy forests and rich prairies. 
Prairie covers about one fourth part of the whole area. 
The soil is generally a black loam, mixed with sand, and 
is very productive. Clay prevails in the south, and the 
forests there consist of poplar, sugar, and beech. In the 
north oak, walnut, and hickory predominate. The ex- 
ports are carried off by the Wabash river and the Wabash 
and Erie canal; they consist of grain, flour, pork, and 
live stock. Coal and iron ore are abundant, and manu- 
factures engage considerable attention. In 1850 there 
were in the county 2,251 dwellings, 2,301 families, 13,253 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 65 

inhabitants, 1,357 farms, and 103 productive establish- 
ments. Covington, on the east side of the Wabash, and 
on the Wabash and Erie canal, where the road from In- 
diana to Springfield, Illinois, crosses it, is the county seat. 

Franklin county, organized 1810, contains 400 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Fayette and Union, east 
by the Ohio state line, south by Dearborn and Ripley, and 
west by Decatur and Rush. The principal water-courses 
are the east and west branches of the White Water, which 
unite at Brookville, near the' center of the county, affording 
immense motive-power ; and besides these are Salt creek, 
Pipe creek, Red Cedar Grove creek, etc., which drain con- 
siderable sections. The northeast part of the county is 
generally level, the central and western parts are rolling 
and in many places quite hilly. The soil is good on the 
average ; the bottoms of the White Water and its tribu- 
taries occupy one half the surface, and are well adapted 
for corn growing ; wheat succeeds best on the uplands. 
The timber consists chiefly of oak, sugar, beech, hickory, 
and black walnut. The products of the county are car- 
ried off by the White Water canal. In several kinds of 
manufactures the county has made some progress, and 
in milling few counties can compete with this. Many 
relics of a past civilization, as mounds and other con- 
structions of earth and stone, are found in several parts. 
In 1850 the county contained 3,286 dwellings and families, 
17,968 inhabitants, 1,739 farms, and 121 productive es- 
tablishments. Brookville, situated on the forks of 
White Water river, is the county seat. 

Fulton county, organized 1836, contains 357 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Marshall, east by Kosci- 
usko and Miami, south by Cass, and west by Pulaski. The 
Tippecanoe river crosses the north part of the county in 
a direction east and west, and this, with the creeks 



66 INDIANA. 

named, Mill, Mud, Owl, and Chipwannuc, afford immense 
water-power. A ridge of small, rugged hills extends along 
the north bank of the Tippecanoe through the county. 
With this exception, the surface is level or gently undu- 
lating. The northeast and east parts are covered with 
dense forests ; the residue is barrens and prairie, alter- 
nately wet and dry, with occasional groves of timber. In 
the barrens the soil is sandy, but generally in the timber 
lands black earth, rich and deep, prevails. Iron ore is 
abundant, and the manufacture of the article is becoming 
important. In 1850 the county contained 1,085 dwellings 
and families, 5,982 inhabitants, 777 farms, and 13 produc- 
tive establishments. Rochester, on the south bank of 
Mill creek, on the Michigan road, is the county seat. 

Gibson - county, organized 1813, contains 450 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Knox and Pike, east by 
Pike and Warrick, south by Warrick, Vanderburg, and 
Posey, and west by the state of Illinois. The Wabash 
river winds along its western, and White river along its 
northern border, while the Patoka and numerous other 
streams drain the interior. The surface is agreeably un- 
dulating; about one sixth is bottom land, and a small 
portion barrens ; the residue is heavily timbered with 
walnut, sugar, beech, hickory, ash, oak, etc. The soil is 
generally loam and sand, and is everywhere productive. 
The agricultural exports are ample. The immense water- 
power of this county and its navigable streams have 
greatly developed its resources ; and the canal, when com- 
pleted, will be a further means of promoting its already 
great prosperity. In 1850 Gibson contained 1,833 dwel- 
lings and families, 10,771 inhabitants, 1,220 farms, and 23 
productive establishments. Princeton, situated in the 
center of a fine farming country, is the county seat. 

Grant county, organized 1831, contains 416 square 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 67 

miles, and is bounded north by Wabash and Huntington, 
east by Wells and Blackford, south by Delaware and 
Madison, and west by Howard and Miami. The water- 
courses are the Mississinewa and its tributaries. Except 
along the borders of the Mississinewa, which are beauti- 
fully rolling, the country is quite level, and nearly all 
was originally covered with heavy timber. The soil is rich 
and well adapted for agriculture generally. It has few 
facilities of transportation, however ; and, in this respect, 
suffers in comparison with most other parts of Indiana. 
In 1850 Grant contained 1,884 dwellings, 1,901 families, 
11,092 inhabitants, 900 farms, and 52 productive estab- 
lishments. Marion, on the west side of the Mississinewa, 
is the county seat. 

Greene county, organized 1821, contains 540 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Clay and Owen, east by 
Munroe and Lawrence, south by Martin and Daviess, and 
west by Sullivan. The west fork of White river divides 
it almost equally, and it has other streams which afford 
mill-power, and the former is navigable the whole extent. 
Eastward the surface is rather hilly, westward it is level, 
and on the rivers the soil is particularly rich. The bar- 
rens, which occupy one sixth part of the county, are sandy ; 
the other parts have a clay soil, which varies greatly 
in quality. Oak, sugar, walnut, beech, cherry, and per- 
simmon are the prevailing forest growths. The products 
are wheat, corn, pork, and tobacco, and large quantities 
are annually exported. Coal and iron are found in great 
abundance. The Wabash and Erie canal passes through 
the county, and, when open to Evansville, must be the 
means of adding much to the wealth of the county. In 
1850 the county contained 2,089 dwellings, 2,094 families, 
12,313 inhabitants, 1,227 farms, and 39 productive estab- 



68 INDIANA. 

lishments. Bloomfield, situated on high, ground, one 
mile east of White river, is the county seat. 

Hamilton county, organized 1823, contains 400 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Tipton, east by Madison, 
south by Hancock and Marion, and west by Boone and 
Clinton. The principal streams are the west fork of White 
river, and its tributaries, Cicero, Coal, Stoney, Fall creeks, 
etc. The surface is either level or gently undulating, the 
soil good, and everywhere adapted to farming operations. 
Along White river there are a few dry prairies, and 
at the heads of Cicero and Stoney creeks a number 
of wet ones, but they are mostly of small extent. The 
residue of the county is timbered land, wtth a good 
proportion of oak, poplar, walnut, sugar, hickory, and 
beech. The products of agriculture are ample, and the 
exports, consisting of wheat, flour, corn, pork, and live 
stock are constantly increasing. The Indianapolis and 
Peru railroad, recently opened, will cause a rapid de- 
velopment of its resources, and stimulate every kind of 
industry. In 1850 the county contained 2,159 dwellings, 
2,161 families, 12,684 inhabitants, 1,261 farms, and 16 
productive establishments. Noblesville, on the east 
side of the river, and an important railroad station, is the 
county seat. 

Hancock county, organized 1828, contains 308 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Hamilton and Madison, east 
by Henry and Rush, south by Shelby, and west by Marion. 
The principal streams are Blue river, Sugar creek, and 
Brandy wine creek, all affording excellent mill sites. The 
surface is generally level, but near the streams frequently 
becomes undulating. The soils are rich, and much of the 
county was originally well timbered. The staple pro- 
ducts are wheat, corn, and grass ; and these, with hogs 
cattle, and horses, form the exports. Manufactures have 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 69 

made considerable progress. The railroad from India- 
napolis to Richmond intersects this county, and affords 
convenient means of transport. In 1850 Hancock con- 
tained 1,685 dwellings and families, 9,698 inhabitants, 
1,176 farms, and 36 productive establishments. Green- 
field, in the center of the county, near Brandy wine creek, 
is the county seat. 

Harrison county, organized 1808, contains 478 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Washington, east by Floyd 
and the Ohio river, south by the Ohio river, and west by 
Ohio river and Crawford. The principal streams, besides 
the Ohio, which washes the coast southeast, south, and 
southwest, are Blue river, forming the dividing line be- 
tween Harrison and Crawford, and the creeks Big Indian, 
Little Indian, and Buck. These are all fine mill streams. 
The face of the country, as well as the soils, is much di- 
versified. The " Knobs," in the east, and the river hills 
present fine scenery. The bottoms, valleys, and parts of 
the upland are fertile, and were originally timbered, but 
some of the barrens have many sink holes, and in places 
the soil is thin. Corn, wheat, potatoes, pork, beef, etc., 
form the staples, and these are largely exported. Six 
miles west of Cory don is Wilson's Spring, 60 feet in diame- 
ter, and, though it has been sounded 400 feet, no bottom 
has been found. It rises from a solid rock, and affords 
sufficient water to turn a valuable flouring mill. Put- 
nam's cave, in the same neighborhood, has been explored 
for a distance of two and a half miles, and is frequently 
visited. The descent to the cave is some twenty feet, and 
it then extends off horizontally. In 1850 Harrison con- 
tained 2,645 dwellings and families, 15,286 inhabitants, 
1,650 farms, and 19 productive establishments. Corydon, 
situated on a level bottom, near the junction of Big and 
Little Indian creeks, is the county seat. 



70 INDIANA. 

Hendrick's county, organized 1823, contains 380 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Boone, east by Marion, 
south by Morgan, and west by Putnam and Montgomery. 
The south side and northwest corner are undulating, 
otherwise the surface is level. More than half the soil is 
a rich loam, slightly mixed with sand, and the balance is 
clay, interspersed with wet prairie lands. The forests are 
very extensive, and consist of the most valuable timber 
trees. The staple products are corn and wheat ; and hogs, 
cattle and horses form a large moiety of the exports. The 
principal water-courses are White Lick, some of the upper 
branches of Eel river, and Mud creek, which abound in 
mill sites. Several woollen and other factories are in op- 
eration. The national road and the Indianapolis and Terre 
Haute railroad cross this county in a direction east and 
west, and are the general lines of transportation for mer- 
chandize from and to the county In 1850 the county 
contained 2,390 dwellings, 2,412 families, 14,083 inhabit- 
ants, 1,444 farms, and 10 productive establishments. 
Danville is the county seat. 

Henry county, organized 1821, contains 385 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Delaware, east by Ran- 
dolph and Wayne, south by Fayette and Rush, and west 
by Hancock and Madison. Water-power is abundant. 
Blue river runs from northeast to southwest through the 
county, Fall creek through the north, and there are sev- 
eral other valuable mill streams. The face of the coun- 
try is undulating, but there are large tracts of level in 
the east. With the exception of a small extent of prairie 
in the north, the land was originally well timbered, but 
most of the farms are now well cleared and cultivated. 
Wheat and flour are the staple exports, and a large amount 
of stock is annually driven to the markets. Manufactures 
have made some progress, and trade generally is flourishing. 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 71 

The railroads from Indianapolis to Ohio pass directly 
across the county. In 1850 it contained 3,064 dwellings, 
3,066 families, 17,605 inhabitants, 1,666 farms, and 124 
productive establishments. New Castle is the county 
seat. 

Howard county, organized 1844, contains 279 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Cass and Miami, east by 
Grant, south by Tipton and Clinton, and west by Clinton 
and Carroll. It contains numerous fine mill streams. The 
surface is level or slightly undulating, and* the soil is uni- 
formly rich. There are a few prairies inclining to be wet, 
but generally the land is heavily timbered. Corn, wheat, 
and grass grow finely. This county lies wholly in the 
Miami Reserve, and is, as yet, sparsely settled. It is tra- 
versed by the Indianapolis and Peru railroad, which ac- 
commodates all its transportation. In 1850 the county con- 
tained 1,190 dwellings and families, 6,957 inhabitants, 746 
farms, and 26 productive establishments. Kokomo, lo- 
cated on the site of an Indian village of the same name, 
is the county seat. 

Huntington county, organized 1832, contains 384 
square miles, and is bounded north by Whitley, east by 
Allen and Wells, south by Grant, and west by Wabash 
The Wabash is the principal river, and there are the Sal- 
amonie, Little river, and numberless tributary creeks, 
all which are fine mill streams. The surface is generally 
level or slightly undulating, and the soil, clay and sand 
mixed, deep and very fertile. Small prairies exist, but 
forest land preponderates , with the usual varieties of tim- 
ber. Wheat, corn, beef, and pork are the great staples, 
and are exported to a considerable extent. The Wabash 
and Erie canal passes through the county. In 1850 it 
contained 1,356 dwellings and families, 7,850 inhabitants, 
782 farms, and 32 productive establishments. Hunting- 



72 INDIANA. 

don, at the mouth of Flint creek on Little river, two miles 
above its entrance into the Wabash, is the county seat. 

Jackson county, organized 1815, contains 500 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Brown and Bartholomew, 
east by Jennings, south by Scott and "Washington, and 
west by Lawrence and Monroe. The principal water- 
courses are the Driftwood or east fork of White river, 
White fork, White creek, Salt creek, and Muscackituck 
creek, all fine mill streams. The face of the country is 
for the most part either level or gently undulating, but 
in the north there are several ranges of " knobs." The 
bottoms are large and rich, composing about one fourth 
part of the whole surface, and the soil is generally sandy 
clay, but in every variety. The greater portion of the 
county is well timbered. The produce is large, and a con- 
siderable surplus is annually exported. In the northeast 
corner of the county, in the bed of White river, is a soli- 
tary boulder of granite weighing several tons. No other 
rock of the kind is found in the county. In the same 
neighborhood is a large mound, about two hundred yards 
in circumference at its base. In 1850 the county contain- 
ed 1,956 dwellings, 1,965 families, 11,047 inhabitants, 
1,173 farms, and 18 productive establishments. The Ohio 
and Indianapolis railroad passes through it north and 
south, and the Cincinnati and St. Louis railroad will cut 
it from east to west. Brownstown, one mile southeast of 
east fork of White river, is the county seat. 

Jasper county, organized 1837, the largest county in 
the state, contains 975 square miles, and is bounded north 
by Lake and Porter, east by Stark, Pulaski, and White, 
south by White and Benton, and west by the Illinois state 
line. The Kankakee, which traverses the whole north 
boundary, and which is navigable in high water, is the 
principal stream. In the south the country is drained by 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 73 

the Iroquois or Pickamink, Pine creek, Sugar creek, etc. 
Beaver lake, in the northwest part of the county, the 
largest sheet of water in the state, covers 16,000 acres, 
and abounds in excellent fish. The surface is generally 
level, and consists mostly of wet and dry prairie, inter- 
spersed with small groves of timber, usually called bar- . 
rens or oak openings. Much of the land is very fertile, 
but better adapted to grazing than crops. Wheat, corn, 
and oats are the cereal staples. Stock is raised to a large 
amount. Most of the country, however, is as yet sparsely 
settled. In 1850 Jasper contained 592 dwellings and fam- 
ilies, 3,540 inhabitants, 343 farms, and 4 productive es- 
tablishments. Rensseklaer, at the rapids of the Iro~ 
quois river, at the southwest side, is the county seat. 

Jay county, organized 1836, contains 378 square miles, 
and is bounded north by Wells and Adams, east by the 
Ohio state line, south by Randolph, and west by Delaware 
and Blackford. The county is drained by a number of 
fine creeks, tributaries of the Wabash. The surface is 
generally level, but occasionally undulating, and every- 
where the soil is rich and productive. The principal 
forest trees are oak, ash, walnut, hickory, and beech, the 
two latter preponderating. It is a fine grazing county, 
and exports largely both of animal and agricultural 
products. In 1850 it contained 1,179 dwellings, 1,185 
families, 7,047 inhabitants, 876 farms, and 9 productive 
establishments. Portland, on the north side of the Sal- 
amonie, is the county seat. 

Jefferson county, organized 1809, contains 370 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Jennings and Ripley, east 
by Switzerland, south by the Ohio river, and southwest 
and west by Clark, Scott, and Jennings. It is drained by 
Muscackituck creek, which falls into the east fork of White 
river, Indian Kentucky creek, Big creek, Lewis creek, 
7 



74 INDIANA. 

etc., all fine mill streams. Hart's Falls, near Hanover, 
and the Falls of Clifty have much grand scenery about 
them. Except near the Ohio, the surface is usually level. 
The bottoms are extensive and rich, and the soil of the 
hills skirting the Ohio is also excellent. On the table- 
land, back from the hills, there is more clay, and the in- 
terior is well wooded, mostly with beech. It is a fine 
grass county, and most part of it is not suitable for grain 
growing. In 1850 Jefferson contained 4,092 dwellings, 
4,204 families, 23,916 inhabitants, 1,396 farms, and 138 
productive establishments. Madison", on the Ohio river, 
the south terminus of the railroad to Indianapolis, is the 
county seat. Hanover is the location of a celebrated college. 

Jennings county, organized 1816, contains 380 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Bartholomew and Decatur, 
east by Ripley, south by Jefferson and Scott, and west by 
Jackson and Bartholomew. Near the streams, the most 
important of which are Graham's fork, and north fork of 
Muscackituck river, and Sand creek, the surface is hilly 
and broken, and the soil moderately fertile, except in the 
beech flats, at the heads of the streams, where it is fit only 
for grass. Excellent timber, and fine and convenient lime- 
stone quarries, are the staples of the county. Agriculture 
furnishes little for export. The Madison and Indianap- 
olis railroad passes northwest and southeast through the 
county. In 1850 the county contained 2,064 dwellings 
and families, 12,096 inhabitants, 1,208 farms, and 78 pro- 
ductive establishments. Vernon, opposite the junction 
of the north and south forks of the Vernon branch of 
Muscackituck river, is the county seat. 

Johnson county, organized 1822, contains 320 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Marion, east by Shelby, 
south by Bartholomew and Brown, and west by Morgan. 
The east fork of White river, with Sugar creek, Young's 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 75 

creek, Indian creek, Stott's creek, etc., drain the country, 
and afford it mill-power. The surface is very various ; 
in the southwest it is hilly, south and southeast plea- 
santly undulating, and in other parts principally level. 
Every acre is susceptible of cultivation. The soil is gene- 
rally a rich black loam, mixed with sand ; and a great 
portion has excellent timber. Wheat and corn are largely 
exported, also, some hogs and cattle. The Madison and 
Indianapolis railroad passes through the county, and, also, 
the railroad to Martinsville. In 1850 Jennings contained 
2,067 dwellings and families, 12,101 inhabitants, 1,153 
farms, and 25 productive establishments. Franklin, on 
the north side of Young's creek, just about its junction 
with Hurricane creek, and on the line of the railroad, is 
the county seat. Edinburg is also an important place. 

Knox county, organized 1802, contains 540 square miles, 
and is bounded north by Sullivan and Greene, east by 
Daviess, south by Pike and Gibson, and west by the state 
of Illinois. It is inclosed on three sides by rivers ; on 
the east by the west fork of the White river, on the south 
by White river, and on the west by the Wabash river, and 
there are numerous fine streams penetrating its interior, 
as Deshee river, Marie creek, etc. Much of the surface is 
either level or undulating, though there are some river 
hills. The prairies, near the Wabash, are rich and exten- 
sive ; and the timbered lands, which occupy the largest 
part of the county, are generally productive ; intermixed 
with them, however, are sandy barrens and swamps. The 
bottoms are subject to inundations, but are the most fer- 
tile lands. The county sends off a large amount of surplus 
products. In 1850 it contained 1,969 dwellings and fami- 
lies, 11,084 inhabitants, 961 farms, and 37 productive 
establishments. Vincennes, the oldest settlement in the 
state, is the county seat. It is well located on the Wa- 



76 INDIANA. 

bash, and has prospects of becoming an important railroad 
center. 

Kosciusko county, organized 1836, contains 567 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Elkhart, east by Noble and 
Whitley, south by Wabash and Miami, and west by Fulton 
and Marshall. It is watered by the rivers Tippecanoe 
and Eel, which have numerous tributary streams. The 
surface, for the most part, is undulating, with a generally 
rich soil, and more than one half is heavily timbered. 
Barrens, or oak openings, occupy a considerable portion of 
the residue, but there are dry prairies in the center of the 
state, and also in the northern part, diversified with wet 
prairies, and several beautiful lakelets abounding in fish. 
The products of the county are chiefly consumed within 
itself, but when the tide of immigration shall have fully 
settled the country, few districts will be able to export a 
greater surplus. In 1850 it contained 1,783 dwellings, 
1,795 families, 10,243 inhabitants, 1,127 farms, and 21 pro- 
ductive establishments. Warsaw, on the Tippecanoe, is 
the county seat. 

La Grange county, organized 1832, contains 396 square 
miles, and is bounded north by the Michigan state line, 
east by Steuben, south by Noble, and west by Elkhart. 
Fawn river, Pigeon river, and Little Elkhart river are the 
principal water-courses, but there are, besides these, nu- 
merous creeks and lakes, which afford adequate mill- 
power. The surface is mostly level, but there are some 
broken or undulating districts. Two thirds of the county 
are barrens or oak openings, one tenth prairie, and the resi- 
due heavily timbered land. Sandy loam is the prevailing 
soil, but in those on which timber is thickest clay preponde- 
rates ; both are fertile, but the former is most productive 
of wheat. The surplus products seek a market in Michi- 
gan, and are carried off by the southern railroad of that 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 77 

state. In 1850 the county contained 1,479 dwellings, 
1,486 families, 8,387 inhabitants, 1,062 farms, and 64 pro- 
ductive establishments. La Grange, in Bloomfield town- 
ship, is the county seat. Lima, on Pigeon river, was such 
before 1842. 

Lake county, organized 1837, contains 468 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Lake Michigan, east by 
Porter, south by Jasper, and west by the Illinois state 
line. The Kankakee river forms its southern border, and 
receives from the interior West, Cedar, and Eagle creeks. 
In the north are the two branches of Calumic river and 
Deep river. The surface and soil are various ; near the 
lakes sand-hills are thrown up, and are covered with dwarf 
pine and cedar growths ; south of Turkey creek the soil is 
rich and alluvial, but the central part is better adapted 
to grazing than crops, the soil being a mixture of clay, 
marl, and black "muck." Farther south there is more 
sand, with a mixture of black loam, and very productive ; 
and still farther south, adjoining the Kankakee, are exten- 
sive marshes. About one half the surface is prairie, with 
groves of various kinds of timber. The Northern Indian 
railroad passes through the county in a direction east and 
west. In 1850 Lake contained 715 dwellings and families, 
3,991 inhabitants, 423 farms, and 5 productive establish- 
ments. Crown Point is the county seat. 

La Porte county, organized 1832, contains 562 square 
miles, and is bounded north by the Michigan state line, 
east by St. Joseph and Marshall, south by Starke, and west 
by Porter. The principal streams are the Kankakee river, 
the Little Kankakee river, Gallien river, and Trail creek. 
The surface is undulating, and abounds with rich prairie, 
interspersed with groves of timber and lakes of pure 
Water. The timber is oak and hickory, and near the lake, 
on the sand-hills, dwarf pine and cedar. In the more 



78 INDIANA. 

level regions beech, poplar, sugar, etc., predominate. The 
soil is very rich, but in the south are burr oak barrens 
and the marshes of the Kankakee. The products of the 
county are largely exported, and the cattle, hogs, etc., 
are sent to Chicago and Detroit. The Northern railroad 
passes through the county. In 1850 La Porte contained 
2,124 dwellings, 2,150 families, 12,145 inhabitants, 1,116 
farms, and 122 productive establishments. La Porte, 
situated in a beautiful lake and prairie country, is the 
county seat. Michigan city, on Trail creek and Lake 
Michigan, is also an important town, and is contemplated 
as the future emporium of the northwestern trade of 
Indiana. 

Lawrence county, organized 1818, contains 438 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Monroe, east by Jackson 
and Washington, south by Orange, and west by Martin 
and Greene. The principal stream is the east fork of 
"White river; and there is also a number of fine streams, 
as Salt creek, Guthrie's creek, Beaver creek, and Leather- 
wood creek, all eligible for mill-power. The chief part of 
the surface is either rolling, hilly, or much broken — the 
level bottoms comprise only about a tenth part of the 
whole. The soil is excellent and timber abundant. Lime- 
stone and fine springs of water are found everywhere. 
The county exports largely. In 1850 the number of 
dwellings and families was 2,012, of inhabitants 12,097, 
of farms 1,031, and of productive establishments 19. The 
extension of the New Albany and Salem railroad traverses 
the county in a direction north and south, and it is prob- 
able that the Cincinnati and St. Louis railroad will cross 
it from east to west. Bedford, beautifully situate on the 
high ground between the east fork of White river and Salt 
creek, three miles from the former and two from the lat- 
,ter, is the county seat. 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 79 

Madison county, organized 1823, contains 390 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Grant, east by Delaware 
and Henry, south by Hancock, and west by Hamilton and 
Tipton. The principal stream is the west fork of White 
river (navigable) and its tributaries ; and there are nu- 
merous fine mill streams, as Pipe creek, Killbuck creek, 
Fall creek, and Lick creek, which drain a large area. 
With the exception of a few wet prairies and the river- 
hills, the country is either gently undulating or level, 
and was originally heavily timbered. About one fourth 
is bottom-land, the residue upland, with soils varying, 
though mostly mixed with clayey loam, and sometimes 
with sand. The county produces largely of wheat and 
corn, and feeds immense quantities of stock for market. 
Limestone and marble are abundant. The Indianapolis 
and Bellefontaine railroad traverses the county. In 1850 
the county contained 2,159 dwellings, 2,160 families, 
12,375 inhabitants, 1,494 farms, and 67 productive estab- 
lishments. Anderson, situated on a high bluff on the 
south side of White river, is the county seat. 

Marion county, organized 1821, contains 400 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Boone and Hamilton, east 
by Hancock and Shelby, south by Johnson and Morgan, and 
west by Hendricks. The west fork of White river inter- 
sects this county, and it is otherwise drained by Fall or 
Eagle creek, and several others. The north and southwest 
is a beautiful rolling country, diversified with hills, but 
the residue, with little exception, is almost level, with 
slight ascents from the streams. The elevation of the 
county above the water of the Ohio river is upward 
of 250 feet, or about 680 above the sea level. One third 
of the surface is bottoms, and was originally heavily tim- 
bered with sugar- tree, walnut, ash, and oak, without un- 
derbrush. The soil is generally black loam, mixed with 



80 INDIANA. 

sand and clay, on a limestone-gravel substratum. Away 
from the streams the soils become poorer, and require fre- 
quent manuring. The products, however, are abundant, 
and a large surplus is exported. Manufactures are rap- 
idly on the increase, and the demands of an increasing 
intercourse are ever calling for new establishments. In 
1850 the county contained 3,984 dwellings, 4,003 families, 
24,013 inhabitants, 1,581 farms, and 179 productive es- 
tablishments. Indianapolis is the county seat and also 
capital, of the state. It is situated on the east bank 
of the west fork of White river, in latitude 39° 46' north 
and longitude 86° 4' west, and is as nearly as possible in 
the center of the state. It stands on a beautiful, very fer- 
tile, and extensive plain, just below the mouth of Fall 
creek. It is built on lands (four sections) donated by the 
General Government, and dates from 1821, at which pe- 
riod the whole country, for forty miles around, was a 
dense forest. Since then its growth has been rapid. In 
1830 it contained 1,085 inhabitants ; in 1834, about 1,600 ; 
in 1840, 2,692 ; and in 1850, 8,034. The seat of govern- 
ment was established here 1st January, 1825. The State 
House is a fine building, 180 feet long and 80 feet wide, 
and was completed in 1834, at a cost of $60,000, all of 
which, together with the cost of the governor's house and of 
the treasurer's house and offices, was realized from the sale 
of lots on the donation. Churches, schools, hotels, and 
every description of stores, now grace its streets ; and it 
boasts of numerous institutions which would do honor to 
cities of more pretensions. Of late years it has become 
a chief center of railroad traffic, and, from its position, is 
likely to maintain its ascendancy in this respect. No less 
than seven railroads meet here, coming from all directions, 
and conveying to and from it the wealth of an empire. 
It is also on the line of the Great National road, and from 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 81 

it diverge several fine macadamized and plank roads, 
pointing to all the important places within and beyond 
the limits of the state. In manufactures, also, it has 
made rapid progress, and, at the present time, has me- 
chanics employed in every handicraft. Few cities in the 
states north of the Ohio, indeed, have so excellent a pros- 
pect of future greatness, and there are those who antici- 
pate its becoming a rival to Cincinnati and St. Louis in 
the number of its people, the amount of its trade, and in 
that enterprise which is so necessary to the fulfillment of 
all high expectations. 

Marshal, county, organized 1836, contains 441 square 
miles, and is bounded north by St. Joseph, east by Elk- 
hart and Kosciusko, south by Fulton, and west by Stark 
and La Porte. The country is watered by Yellow river, 
which runs nearly through the center, and Tippecanoe 
river, in the south section ; besides which there are nu- 
merous smaller streams, as Pine creek, Eagle creek, Wolf 
creek, etc., and several beautiful lakes, of which Lake 
Maxineukkee, near the southwest corner, is the largest. 
The surface is generally level, but sometimes rolling ; and 
about one half is timbered lands, and the residue barrens 
interspersed with rich and dry prairie. The soil is excel- 
lent, and except in the barrens, where it is thin, well 
adapted for either farming or grazing. Iron ore of good 
quality is very abundant, and a considerable quantity has 
been reduced. In 1850 the county contained 928 dwell- 
ings and families, 5,348 inhabitants, 570 farms, and 10 
productive establishments. Plymouth, on the north bank 
of Yellow river, twenty-five miles from its junction with 
the Kankakee, is the county seat. 

Martin county, organized 1818, contains 340 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Greene, east by Lawrence 
and Orange, south by Dubois, and west by Daviess. The 



82 INDIANA. * 

east fork of White river, in its windings through the 
county, drains a large portion of it, and abundant water- 
power is also afforded by Lick, Beaver, Indian, and 
Bogues creeks. The surface is generally hilly, and the 
soils various in quality, but mostly clay. Nine tenths of 
the county was originally heavily timbered, the residue 
river-bottoms and barrens. A considerable amount of 
produce is exported. Martin will probably be intersected 
by the line of the Cincinnati and St. Louis railroad. In 
1850 the county contained 1,025 dwellings, 1,027 families, 
5,941 inhabitants, 633 farms, and 18 productive establish- 
ments. Dover Hill, in Perry township, is the county 
seat 

Miami county, organized 1832, contains 384 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Fulton and Kosciusko, 
east by Wabash and Grant, south by Howard, and west 
by Cass and Fulton. The principal water-courses are the 
Wabash river and Eel river, which flow through the 
county from east to west ; and the Mississinewa empties 
into the Wabash from the south. All these are navigable 
for light boats, and there are numerous creeks spreading 
in all directions. The surface, except on the Wabash, 
etc., rivers, is generally level; on those streams there is 
a good amount of hilly land, but not so broken as to pre- 
vent cultivation. One half the county is timbered heavy, 
and the residue is either bottoms, barrens, or prairies. 
The soil is universally good and some exceedingly fertile. 
The surplus products are large in amount, and since the 
purchase of the Reserve^ agriculture has made great pro- 
gress. Mills of every description line the streams, and 
are in active employment. In 1850 the county contained 
1,944 dwellings, 1,975 families, 11,304 inhabitants, 1,184 
farms, and 48 productive establishments. The Wabash 
and Erie canal crosses in a direction east and west, and 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. b6 

the Indianapolis and Peru .railroad taps it from the south. 
Peru, on the north bank of the Wabash river, and on the 
Wabash and Erie canal, is the county seat. 

Monroe county, organized 1818, contains 420 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Owen and Morgan, east by 
Brown and Jackson, south by Lawrence, and west by 
Greene and Owen. It is watered by Salt, Clear, and Bean 
Blossom creeks. On Salt creek, a superior quality of 
table salt is manufactured. The face of the country is 
mostly hilly, though near the center there is much that 
is rolling. It was originally heavily timbered, without 
prairie, and with but a small portion of bottoms. Walnut, 
ash, oak, poplar, cherry, hickory, beech, etc., are the prin- 
cipal growths. Iron ore is plentiful in the northwest. The 
agricultural products are ample, and the county is well 
supplied with mills. Some progress has also been made in 
manufactures. The New Albany and Salem railroad is 
extended through the county in a direction north and 
south. In 1850 Monroe contained 1,892 dwellings and 
families, 11,286 inhabitants, 1,230 farms, and 46 produc- 
tive establishments, Bloomington is the county seat. 
The State University, a very nourishing literary institu- 
tion, is located here. 

Montgomery county, organized 1822, contains 504 
square miles, and is bounded north by Tippecanoe, east 
by Clinton, Boone, and Hendricks, south by Putnam and 
Parke, and west by Fountain. The west part and near 
the principal streams the surface is somewhat hilly and 
broken, in the north and center it is undulating, and in 
the south and east level. The soil is everywhere rich, 
and well adapted to corn, wheat, grass, fruit, etc. There 
are several fine prairies in the north, and occasionally 
barrens or oak openings, but two thirds of the county 
was originally covered with heavy forests. The county 



84 INDIANA. 

exports amply of wheat and corn, and hogs, cattle, and 
horses are annually driven to market in great numbers. 
The principal streams are Sugar creek, Big and Little 
Raccoon creeks, and there are numerous others of smaller 
dimensions; these all form excellent mill sites. In 1850 
Montgomery contained 2,971 dwellings, 3,009 families, 
18,084 inhabitants, 1,880 farms, and 87 productive estab- 
lishments. It is connected with La Fayette by railroad, 
which will probably be continued southward, intersecting 
several other lines, on its way to New Albany. Craw- 
fordsville, at which is located Wabash College and a 
female institute of a high order, is the county seat. 

Morgan county, organized 1818, contains 453 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Hendricks and Marion, 
east by Johnson, south by Brown and Monroe, and west 
by Owen and Putnam. The west fork of White river in- 
tersects this county in a direction northeast and southwest, 
and is navigable throughout, and the country is drained 
by White Lick, Mill, Big Indian, Stott's, and other creeks. 
About one half the surface is river and creek bottoms, and 
where these terminate there is generally a line of hills. 
Back from these the land becomes undulating or level. In the 
south, adjoining Monroe, is a very hilly and broken region, 
yet the soil is here excellent, and, when divested of its 
covering of timber, produces the best crops. No part of 
the state, indeed, is more generally favorable for agricul- 
ture than Monroe. The principal crop is corn, but all 
other grains thrive well. The exports, via the White 
river and the Martinsville railroad, are considerable, and 
will rapidly be increased from the facilities now offered 
to transportation. In 1850 the county contained 2,101 
dwellings and families, 14,596 inhabitants, 1,392 farms, 
and 14 productive establishments. Martinsville, about 
one mile east of White river, is the county seat. 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 85 

Noble county, organized 1836, contains 482 square 
miles, and is bounded north by La Grange, east by De 
Kalb, south by Allen and Whitley, and west by Kosciusko 
and Elkhart. The principal water-courses are Elkhart 
river and Tippecanoe river. The surface is much diversi- 
fied, some portions being nearly level, and others rolling 
or hilly, and about one half is timber covered, the residue 
being barrens intermixed with prairies. The soil is gene- 
rally a dark loam, with clay or sand, or both, in various 
proportions. Lakes are numerous, but small. Iron ore 
is abundant. In 1850 the county contained 1,395 dwell- 
ings, 1,402 families, 7,946 inhabitants, 772 farms, and 16 
productive establishments. Albion is the county seat. 

Ohio county, organized 1844, contains 92 square miles, 
and is the smallest in the state. It is bounded north by 
Dearborn, east by the Ohio river, south by Switzerland 9 
and west by Ripley. The face of the country, except some 
large and fine bottoms on the Ohio and Laughery, is very 
hilly, but the soil is uniformly good. Beech, ash, walnut, 
and sugar predominate near the streams ; oak and hickory 
in other places. The farms are generally well cultivated, 
and considerable quantities both of produce and stock are 
annually exported. Manufactures have also made great 
progress. In 1850 the county contained, 946 dwellings, 
962 families, 5,308 inhabitants, 386 farms, and 34 produc- 
tive establishments. Rising Sun is the county seat. 

Orange county, organized 1816, contains 400 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Lawrence, east by Wash- 
ington, south by Crawford, and west by Dubois and Mar- 
tin. The county is drained by Lost creek, Lick creek, 
and Patoka creek, all which afford excellent mill power. 
In the south the surface is hilly and broken, abounding in 
fine springs ; in the north it is undulating. Three fifths 
of the county is upland, well timbered with oak, hickory, 
8 



86 INDIANA. 

poplar, ash, walnut, cherry, sugar, and beech; the resi- 
due is about equally rich bottoms or barrens. Grazing is 
here a principal occupation. The staples are corn, wheat, 
and rye. There are several sinks and caverns in this 
county, which has limestone mostly for its basis. In 1850 
Orange contained 1,841 dwellings, 1,846 families, 10,809 
inhabitants, 1,118 farms, and 8 productive establishments. 
Paoli is the county seat. 

Owen county, organized 1818, contains 396 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Putnam, east by Morgan 
and Monroe, south by Greene, and west by Clay. The 
west fork of White river and its tributaries drain the prin- 
cipal portion of the county, and afford fine mill sites. Eel 
river, also, has immense water-power. The surface is 
generally undulating or rolling, and the soil is excellent, 
with a thick growth of timber. Iron ore and coal are 
found in great abundance. In 1850 the county contained 
2,000 dwellings, 2,002 families, 12,106 inhabitants, 1,142 
farms, and 26 productive establishments. Spencer, on 
the west bank of White river, is the county seat. 

Parke county, organized 1821, contains 440 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Fountain and Montgomery, 
east by Putnam, south by Clay and Vigo, and west by 
Vermilion. The Wabash river forms its western boun- 
dary, and a number of fine streams falling into it, drain 
the whole county ; these are Big Raccoon, Little Raccoon, 
Leatherwood, and Sugar creeks. Two thirds of the sur- 
face is either level or slightly undulating, and occasionally 
hills appear, but of no great elevation. The greater por- 
tion was originally covered with forests. The soil is a 
black loam, with sand intermixed, and remarkably fertile. 
Beds of coal and iron ore of great extent exist throughout 
the county. The products are immense, and the exports 
of both grain and live stock commensurate. The Wabash 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 87 

and Erie canal traverses this county. In 1850 Parke con- 
tained 2,468 dwellings, 2,472 families, 14,968 inhabitants, 
1,390 farms, and 63 productive establishments. Rock- 
ville is the county seat. 

Perry county, organized 1814, contains 400 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Dubois and Crawford, east 
by Crawford and the Ohio river, south by the Ohio river, and 
west by Spencer and Dubois. This county is drained by An- 
derson's, Deer, Bear, Oil, and Poison creeks, which empty 
into the Ohio river. With the exception of the Ohio bottoms, 
and some few other strips, the surface is very hilly ; and with 
these exceptions the soil is of an indifferent fertility, yet no 
part of the county is absolutely worthless. The finest of oak 
and poplar is found on the hills, and in the bottoms sugar, 
beech, ash, and walnut preponderate. Large quantities 
of wood and coal are furnished to steamboats on the Ohio 
river, and a considerable quantity of garden produce, 
grown chiefly in the bottoms, is sent to the neighboring 
markets. The interior furnishes little or no surplus. 
Cannelton, an important manufacturing town, is located 
in this county, on the Ohio river, and is famous for its 
coal (from which it takes its name), and it has several 
large cotton mills, employing many hands; and in this 
connection it is probable that the place will ultimately 
become the seat of operations more extensive than in any 
other portion of the state. It is also engaged in manu- 
facturing pottery, for which it has abundance of material. 
In 1850 the county contained 1,231 dwellings, 1,250 fami- 
lies, 7,268 inhabitants, 540 farms, and 14 productive 
establishments. Rome, on the Ohio, is the county seat. 

Pike county, organized 1816, contains 338 square miles, 
and is bounded north by Knox and Daviess, east by Du- 
bois, south by Warrick and Gibson, and west by Gibson. 
It lies immediately south of the east fork of White river, 



88 INDIANA. 

•which forms its north limit. Patoka creek traverses it 
centrally, and there are other streams. The surface is 
level or gently undulating, and the soil a fine black loam, 
mixed with sand. The bottoms are extensive, and the 
whole was originally heavily wooded. No county pro- 
duces more to the acre than does this, and hence its sur- 
plus is large. There is a great abundance of good coal in 
this county. Water-power for milling is deficient, but 
both White river and Patoka may at times be navigated, 
and the canal, which will soon be completed, will foster 
the onward progress of every species of improvement and 
industry. Near Petersburgh there is an Indian mound, 
in times long past used as a place of sepulture by the 
aborigines, and still so used by the present generation. 
The county contains 1,261 dwellings and families, 7,720 
inhabitants, 909 farms, and 2 productive establishments. 
Petersburgh, one mile south of White river, and four 
and a half miles below the junction of its forks, is the 
county seat. 

Porter county, organized 1836, contains 415 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Lake Michigan, east by 
La Porte and Starke, south by Jasper, and west by Lake. 
With the exception of the lake shore hills, the surface of 
the country is gently undulating or level, with marshes 
on the Kankakee. The soil is good, and well adapted to 
wheat growing or grazing. About one fourth is tim- 
bered, with oak, walnut, poplar, pine, maple, butternut, 
and beech ; one third barren, and the residue prairie or 
bottom lands. There are several small lakes in the 
county; the northern streams are Calumic river, Coffee 
creek, and Salt creek, and there are several creeks in the 
interior. The Northern Indiana railroad traverses through 
the northern parts. In 1850 the county contained 885 
dwellings and families, 5,234 inhabitants, 467 farms, and 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 89 

13 productive establishments. Valparaiso is the county 
seat. 

Posey county, in the southwest corner of the state, or- 
ganized 1814, contains 420 square miles, and is bounded 
north by Gibson, east by Gibson and Vanderburg, south 
by the Ohio river, and west by Wabash river. Big Creek 
and Flat Creek are the principal interior streams. The 
surface is generally level or undulating, but some parts 
are hilly. There is little prairie or barrens. The bot- 
toms are extensive and well wooded. The soil is every- 
where good ; in some parts exceedingly fertile, and pro- 
duces a large surplus for export. A great number of 
mounds exist in different parts, and on the Wabash, 
twelve miles from its mouth, is the mound called " Bone 
Bank," in which many relics of a " former race" have 
been discovered ; and the " Causeway," above Mount Ver- 
non, an ancient fortification, is a remarkable construction, 
and indicative of a civilization which never existed in the 
present race of Indians. In 1850 this county contained 
2,260 dwellings, 2,278 families, 12,549 inhabitants, 1,270 
farms, and 26 productive establishments. Mount Ver- 
tvon, on the Ohio river, sixteen miles above the mouth of 
the Wabash, is the county seat. New Harmony, on the 
Wabash, fifty miles from its entrance, is remarkable for 
its history and social system. 

Pulaski county, organized 1839, contains 342 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Starke, east by Fulton, south 
by Cass and White, and west by Jasper. The Tippecanoe 
runs through the county from north to south, and be- 
sides this there are several other streams. The surface 
is generally level, though there are sand ridges in some 
parts. About one half the county is prairie, and the other 
oak openings or barrens ; much of it is heavily timbered. 
The soil is a black loam, mixed with sand, and occasionally 



90 INDIANA. 

with marl. The bottoms of the Tippecanoe are exceed- 
ingly rich and productive. In 1850 the county contained 
454 dwellings and families, 2,595 inhabitants, and 286 
farms. Winamac, on the northwest bank of Tippecanoe 
river, is the county seat. 

Putnam county, organized 1821, contains 486 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Montgomery, east by Hen- 
dricks and Morgan, south by Owen and Clay, and west by 
Clay and Parke. The Walnut fork of Eel river, Big Rac- 
coon creek, and Deer creek afford excellent mill sites, and 
there are many other smaller streams of pure water. The 
surface in the north and east is either level or undulating, 
and inclined to be wet ; in the center and southwest it is 
more rolling, and, in the vicinity of the streams, generally 
hilly. The prevailing timber is beech, sugar, walnut, ash, 
oak, and poplar. The soil is a black loam, clayey and 
calcareous, well adapted for both grain and grass, and, 
perhaps, no body of land of like extent has so little waste. 
Limestone is the principal rock. Considerable produce, 
with timber, hogs, cattle, etc., is annually exported. In 
1850 there were in the county 3,088 dwellings, 3,094 fami- 
lies, 18,615 inhabitants, 1,696 farms, and 42 productive 
establishments. Greencastle, situated on a high table 
land, one mile east of Walnut fork, and the location of 
Ashbury University, is the county seat. The Terre Haute 
and Indianapolis railroad passes through this town, also 
the extension of the New Albany and Salem railroad. 

Randolph county, organized 1818, containing 440 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Jay, east by the Ohio state 
line, south by Wayne, and west by Henry and Delaware. 
The principal water courses are the west fork of White 
river and the Mississinewa river, with their tributaries, 
which furnish excellent mill privileges. The surface is 
generally level, and in localities wet and marshy, but it is 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 91 

about the highest land in the state, and the source of 
rivers running in all directions. There are no barrens, and 
but few prairies. Timber is plentiful. Near Winchester 
there is a regular earth-wall, inclosing about 20 acres, 
with, a high mound in the center, and the appearance of a 
gate at the southwest corner. In 1850 there were in the 
county 2,513 dwellings, 2,539 families, 14,725 inhabitants, 
1,477 farms, and 12 productive establishments. Win- 
chester, on the south side of White river, is, the county 
seat. Indianapolis and Bellefontaine railroad passes 
through it. 

Ripley county, organized 1818, contains 440 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Decatur and Franklin, 
east by Dearborn and Ohio, south by Switzerland and 
Jefferson, and west by Jennings. Laughery creek and 
Graham's creek are the principal streams. The county is 
level, and was originally timbered ; but on the streams it 
is hilly. The bottoms are small ; the uplands are gener- 
ally wet, being based on an impervious blue limestone ; 
but the soils, where drained, are very fertile. A consid- 
erable surplus of products, with hogs, cattle, etc., is ex- 
ported. In 1850 the county contained 2,667 dwellings, 
2,689 families, 14,820 inhabitants, 1,495 farms, and 49 
productive establishments. Versailles, on a high bluff 
of Laughery river, is the county seat. The Lawrence- 
burg and Greensburg railroad passes through the north- 
ern part of the county, and the line of the projected rail- 
road, from Cincinnati to St. Louis, traverses it in a direc- 
tion east and west. 

Rush county, organized 1821, contains 414 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Hancock and Henry, east 
by Fayette and Franklin, south by Decatur, and west by 
Shelby and Hancock. Big and Little Blue, and Big and 
Little Flat Rock creeks, are the principal water-courses. 



92 INDIANA. 

The surface is level or moderately rolling. The land is 
finely timbered with poplar, walnut, oak, ash, and hick- 
ory, and the soils loam on clay, mixed with sand. Great 
improvements have been made in this county of late, and 
its surplus products have been largely exported. In 1850 
Rush contained 2,824 dwellings, 2,839 families, 16,445 in- 
habitants, 1,809 farms, and 59 productive establishments. 
Rushville, on the northwest bank of Flat Rock, is the 
county seat, and is connected with Shelby ville, etc., by 
railroad. 

St. Joseph county, organized 1830, contains 468 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Michigan state line, east 
by Elkhart, south by Marshall and La Porte, and west by 
La Porte. St. Joseph river is the principal water-course, 
and is navigable to South Bend ; and the upper course 
of the Kankakee drains the southwest portion — these, 
with numerous creeks, chiefly falling into the St. Joseph, 
supply abundant milling facilities. Except in the vicinity 
of the rivers, where the land is rolling, the surface of the 
country is almost level. The southeast portion is mostly 
forest-land, and the residue oak-openings with some small 
prairies. The soils are abundantly fertile, and agricul- 
ture is in a very flourishing condition. Wheat is the prin- 
cipal crop. At South Bend and Mishawaka several man- 
ufactures are carried on, and in these neighborhoods, as 
well as in other parts of the county, iron ore of a good 
quality abounds. Few counties have better facilities for 
transportation; besides its navigable river, it has now 
passing through it the Northern railroad, which connects 
it with Chicago and the Valley of the Mississippi, and 
also with the whole system of roads to the eastward. In 
1850 the county contained 1,885 dwellings and families, 
9,654 inhabitants, 847 farms, and 45 productive estab- 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 93 

lishments. South Bend, on St. Joseph's river, is the 
county seat. 

Scott county, organized 1817, contains 200 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Jackson and Jennings, 
east by Jefferson, south by Clarke, and west by Washing- 
ton. Its chief water-courses are the Muscatatuck on the 
north border, Stucker's fork, Kimberlin's creek, Pigeon, 
Rooster, and Ox's fork. In the east the surface is un- 
dulating or rolling ; westward there are beech and oak 
flats, fit only for grass, and a small part of the west is 
hilly. The prevailing timbers are beech, oak, hickory, 
and gum. Good building materials are abundant, and in 
the vicinity of Lexington are numerous salt springs. The 
Jeffersonville and Columbus railroad passes north and south 
through the county. In 1850 Scott contained 1,040 dwell- 
ings, 1,047 families, 5,885 inhabitants, 719 farms, and 14 
productive establishments. Lexington is the county 
seat. 

Shelby county, organized 1821, contains 408 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Hancock, east by Rush 
and Decatur, south by Decatur and Bartholomew, and 
west by Johnson and Marion. Sugar creek, the east fork 
of White river, Big and Little Blue rivers, and Flat Rock 
creek, are its principal water-courses. The surf^je is 
level and well timbered, with ample river bottoms, which 
are backed by hills forty to fifty feet high. The soil is 
■ underlaid with clay, and requires considerable draining. 
Beech, oak, and hickory predominate in the uplands, 
while the prevailing timbers in the bottoms are walnut, 
ash, hackberry, etc. The farming interest is here pros- 
perous, and considerable exports are made. Railroads 
cross it in every direction. In 1850 the county contain- 
ed 2,721 dwellings, 2,764 families, 15,502 inhabitants, 
1,620 farms, and 59 productive establishments. Shelby- 



94 INDIANA. 

yille, on the southeast bank of Blue river, is the county- 
seat. 

Spencer county, organized 1818, contains 408 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Dubois, east by Perry, 
south by the Ohio river, and west by Warrick. The 
water-courses are Anderson's creek on the east, and Lit- 
tle Pigeon creek on the west border, with Crooked, Big 
Sandy, and Little Sandy creeks, all which flow into the 
Ohio river. The surface on the northeast is hilly, other- 
wise it is level or undulating, and the soil is a black loam, 
very rich, and resting on a stratum of yellow clay mixed 
more or less with sand. Oak, hickory, ash, poplar, black 
gum, walnut, sugar, beech, etc., are the prevailing forest 
growths. The bottoms yield immense crops of corn, and 
in the interior, corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., thrive well. 
These and live stock are exported largely. Coal is abund-. 
ant. In 1850 the county contained 1,485 dwellings, 1,488 
families, 8,616 inhabitants, 988 farms, and 28 productive 
establishments. Rockport, situated on a high bluff on 
the Ohio river, is the county seat. It derives its name 
from a hanging rock, known to boatmen as " Lady Wash- 
ington Bock." 

Stark county, laid off 1837, contains 432 square miles, 
and is bounded north by La Porte, east by Marshall, south 
by Pulaski, and west by Jasper and Porter. It is situated 
mostly on the marshes of Kankakee river, which passes 
through it in a northeast and southwest direction, and 
but a small portion of the county is valuable except for 
grazing. In 1850 it contained 100 dwellings, 101 families, 
557 inhabitants, and 53 farms. Knox is the county seat. 

Steuben county, in the northeast corner of the state, 
organized 1837, contains 324 square miles, and is bounded 
north by the Michigan state line, east by that of Ohio, 
south by De Kalb, and west by La Grange. The princi 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 95 

pal streams are Pigeon river, and Crooked and Fish creeks ; 
and there are several small lakes within its limits. About 
one half the surface is timber-land, one sixth barrens or 
oak openings, and one tenth prairie ; the first and last 
are excellent farming lands, but the barrens have a poorer 
soil. Its diversified woodlands, oak openings, and prairies, 
interspersed with small, clear lakes, present scenes of 
exquisite beauty. The principal product is wheat, a sur- 
plus of which is annually exported. In 1850 Steuben 
contained 1,109 dwellings and families, 6,104 inhabitants, 
586 farms, and 28 productive establishments. Angola, 
twelve miles from the northeast corner of the state, is 
the county seat. 

Sullivan county, organized 1816, contains 430 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Vigo, east by Clay and 
Greene, south by Knox, and west by Wabash river. Its 
interior water-courses are Turman's creek, Turtle creek, 
and Busseron creek, on which numerous mills are located. 
The surface is generally level, and heavily timbered with 
oak, walnut, poplar, ash, pecan, beech, and sugar. The 
bottoms and prairies occupy a comparatively small extent. 
Every part is sufficiently fertile, and many sections are 
very productive. Its exports consist chiefly of corn, with 
hogs and some cattle. Coal is found in abundance, and, 
altogether, Sullivan is one of the richest and best situated 
counties in the state. In 1850, it contained 1,675 dwell- 
ings, 1,678 families, 10,141 inhabitants, 1,215 farms, and 
31 productive establishments. Sullivan is the county 
seat; Carlisle, however, is the largest and most import- 
ant town. 

Switzerland county, organized 1814, contains 216 
square miles, and is bounded north by Ripley and Ohio, 
east and south by the Ohio river, and west by Jefferson. 
Log, Lick, Indian, Plum, Brian's, and Grant's creeks, 



96 INDIANA. 

flowing into the Ohio river, drain the county. Large and 
fine bottoms line the margins of the Ohio ; the hills back 
from these rise to the height of 400 or 500 feet, and further 
back a high table-land is reached. The soil is every- 
where good, and there are some of the best farms in the 
state within this county. Large quantities of produce are 
shipped off annually, chiefly to the south. Mills are nu- 
merous, and many worked by steam. In 1850 Switzerland 
contained 2,254 dwellings and families, 12,932 inhabitants, 
1,270 farms, and 79 productive establishments. Vevay, 
on the Ohio, is the county seat. This county takes its 
name from the fact of its having been colonized by a body 
of Swiss emigrants, from Vevay, under the guidance of J. 
J. Dufour, who settled here for the purpose of planting 
the vine, in 1813. The descendants of the original colo- 
nists still form the bulk of the population. 

Tippecanoe county, organized 1826, contains 504 square 
miles, and is bounded north by White and Carroll, east by 
Carroll and Clinton, south by Montgomery, and west by 
Fountain, Warren, and Benton. The water-courses are 
the Wabash river, which traverses the county from north- 
east to southwest, the Tippecanoe river, which enters the 
Wabash in the northeast corner of the county, and a num- 
ber of smaller streams, as the Wild Cat, the Wea, Bur- 
nett's creek, etc. These streams furnish excellent mill 
sites, and the Wabash is navigable. The surface is gently 
undulating, or spread out into extensive level tracts. Along 
the Wabash the country is hilly. One half the county is 
prairie, one tenth bottoms, and the residue well timbered up- 
land. The soil is generally a rich black loam, two to four 
feet deep, on a stratum of clay, but on some of the prairies 
it is light and sandy. Agriculture is in a flourishing con- 
dition, and it is estimated that the surplus produce ex- 
ported is annually worth nearly $1,000,000. Flour, wheat, 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 97 

hemp, the produce of the hog, etc., are the great staples. 
In many parts manufactures are springing up. The inter- 
ests of the county have been greatly enhanced by vast 
internal improvements. The Wabash and Erie canal tra- 
verses it, and there are railroads constructed from Lafay- 
ette to Indianapolis, and also to Crawfordsville. In 1850 
the county contained 3,227 dwellings and families, 19,377 
inhabitants, 1,377 farms, and 204 productive establish- 
ments. Lafayette, on the south side of the Wabash 
river, and on the Wabash and Erie canal, also the termi- 
nus of railroads to Indianapolis and Crawfordsville, is the 
county seat. It is one of the most important of our west- 
ern cities. The " Battle of Tippecanoe," so famous in In- 
dian history, was fought in this county. 

Tipton county, organized 1844, contains 264 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Howard, east by Grant 
and Madison, south by Hamilton, and west by Clinton. 
The surface is chiefly level, and well timbered, and the 
soil suitable for every kind of crops. The water-courses 
are Cicero creek and Puck creek, which run south into 
White river and Wild Cat creek, a tributary of the Wabash. 
These drain the whole county, but, on account of its flat- 
ness, are inadequate as mill streams. The improvements in 
this county are the Wabash and Erie canal and the Indiana- 
polis and Peru railroad, which will contribute largely to 
its settlement and prosperity. Until the period of its or- 
ganization, it constituted a portion of the " Miami Re- 
serve," and hence was a wilderness. In 1850 it contained 
627 dwellings and families, 3,532 inhabitants, 339 farms, 
and 1 productive establishment. Tipton, formerly called 
Canton^ situated on a branch of Cicero creek and on the 
railroad from Indianapolis to Peru, is the county seat. 

Union county, organized 1821, contains 168 square miles, 
and is bounded north by Wayne, east by the Ohio state 
9 



98 



INDIANA. 



line, south by Franklin, and west by Fayette. In the east 
the surface is level ; in the west undulating or hilly. Seven 
eighths of the county are timbered upland, on which beech, 
sugar, poplar, oak, walnut, ash and hickory are the growths ; 
the residue is bottoms. The principal streams are the east 
fork of White Water river, and the creeks Hannah, Rock- 
land, and Silver ; all which afford valuable mill sites. The 
soil is uniformly good, and the farming interest in a pros- 
perous condition. Union county will be crossed by rail- 
roads coming from Ohio, and from its proximity to Cincin- 
nati will feel the importance of such a connection to its 
material prosperity. It is already, however, a flourishing 
county, either in reference to agriculture, manufactures, 
or commerce, and, with due exertion on the part of the 
inhabitants, may become one of the wealthiest in the state. 
In 1850 it contained 1,220 dwellings, 1,229 families, 6,944 
inhabitants, 606 farms, and 35 productive establishments. 
Liberty is the county seat. 

Vanderburg county, organized 1818, contains 240 
square miles, and is bounded north by Gibson, east by 
Warrick, south by the Ohio river, and west by Posey. The 
principal water-courses are Big Pigeon creek, Blue Grass 
creek, Little Creek, and Locust creek; all running to the 
Ohio river. The succession of bottoms, hills, and table- 
land, characteristic of the other counties on the Ohio, is 
here maintained. The bottoms occupy about one fifth of 
the whole surface, are very rich, and produce immense 
quantities of corn for export. The land beyond the hills 
is undulating or rolling, and, if not as rich as the bottoms, 
produces abundantly. The total value of the exports for 
the county is estimated at nearly $1 ,000,000 annually. Coal 
and iron are abundant. In 1850 there were in the county 
2,059 dwellings, 2,104 families, 11,414 inhabitants, 743 
farms, and 76 productive establishments. Evansville, 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. V9 

on the Ohio, is the county seat. It is an important city, 
being the south terminus of the Wabash and Erie canal, 
"which will afford an interior navigation of 459 miles. Its 
trade is already very large, but this will be immensely 
increased when the canal is completed in 1853. 

Vermilion county, organized 1823, contains 280 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Warren, east by Wabash 
river, which separates it from Parke and Fountain, south 
by Vigo, and west by the Illinois state line. It is watered 
by numerous streams falling into the river on the eastern 
border. The surface is high and level, with some river 
bluffs, and two thirds of the whole is covered with fine 
timber. The soils are excellent, and the produce of the 
land sufficient to afford a large export. Coal is abundant, 
and extensive beds of iron ore are found on Brouillet's 
creek, near which the "Indiana Furnace" has been estab- 
lished. In 1850 the county contained 1,509 dwellings, 
1,522 families, 8,661 inhabitants, 733 farms, and 46 pro- 
ductive establishments. Newport, on the south bank of 
Little Vermilion creek, two miles from its mouth, is the 
county seat. 

Vigo county, organized 1818, contains 408 square miles, 
and is bounded north by Vermilion and Parke, east by 
Clay, south by Sullivan, and west by the Illinois state line 
and Wabash river, into which latter all the water-courses 
from the interior drain themselves. The surface is level 
and gently undulating, finely timbered generally, but 
with some prairies of small extent. With little excep- 
tion, the soil is rich, and produces fine crops. Hogs, cat- 
tle, and grain are the staples. Coal is abundant ; also, 
freestone and limestone, and it possesses great facilities in 
respect of communication. It is traversed by the Wa- 
bash and Erie canal, and the East and West railroad 
Will cross through it, as does now the Great National road. 



100 



INDIANA. 



Vig^, with these improvements, will soon become one of the 
most flourishing counties of the state, and an important 
point on an important commercial highway. In 1850 the 
county contained 2,645 dwellings, 2,725 families, 15,289 
inhabitants, 1,113 farms, and 130 productive establish- 
ments. Terre Haute, situated on a high bank of the 
Wabash, is the county seat. It is much engaged in the 
hog trade, and has otherwise a large commerce. 

Wabash county, organized 1832, contains 420 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Kosciusko, east by Whit- 
ley and Huntington, south by Grant and Miami, and west 
by Miami. The Wabash and Eel rivers, with their nu- 
merous tributaries, flow through and drain this county, 
and afford to its inhabitants great milling facilities. No- 
where hilly, the great portion of this county is rolling or 
undulating, but at the heads of the streams there is con- 
siderable level country, and the bottom lands, also level, 
are somewhat extensive. The greater part of the county 
was originally heavily wooded, and the soil is everywhere 
rich and productive. Hogs and corn are the great staples, 
the exports of which are increasing in amount year by 
year ; and since the opening of the Wabash and Erie canal, 
the prosperity of the county has ever been onward. In 
1850 it contained 2,079 dwellings, 2,121 families, 12,138 
inhabitants, 1,068 farms, and 57 productive establish- 
ments. Wabash, on the north bank of the river of the 
same name, is the county seat. 

Warren county, organized 1828, contains 360 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Benton, east and south- 
east by Tippecanoe and Fountain, south by Vermilion, 
and west by the state line of Illinois. Several good mill 
streams, as Pine creek, Rock creek, Redwood creek, etc., 
from the interior, fall into the Wabash. Except on the 
Wabash, on which bluffs bound an extensive bottom-land, 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 101 - 

the surface is gently undulating, ascending gradually 
toward the west. At least half the county is prairie, 
and the residue woodland, the forest being much the 
heaviest near the river. The soil is generally good, some 
of it exceedingly fertile, and producing abundantly all 
the growths of the climate. The surplus produce, con- 
sisting of grain and live stock, is exported via the Wabash 
and Erie canal, which passes through the county. Man- 
ufactures of several descriptions have lately sprung up, 
and prosperity seems to be attending every department of 
industry ; indeed, Warren may now be considered one of 
the most prosperous counties of the state. In 1850 it 
contained 1,273 dwellings, 1,295 families, 7,387 inhabit- 
ants, 782 farms, and 18 productive establishments. Wil- 
iiiAMspoRT, on the west bank of the Wabash river, is the 
county seat. Much important business is transacted at 
this point. 

Warrick county, organized 1813, contains 360 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Gibson and Pike, east by 
Spencer, south by the Ohio river, and west by Vander- 
burg and Gibson. Little Pigeon river and several slow 
moving creeks drain the interior. With the exception of 
the Ohio bottom lands and the abutting bluffs, the surface 
is rolling or undulating, but at the head of the Pigeon, 
etc., there are some flat wet lands. Immense quantities 
of corn are produced in the rich bottoms, and much of the 
uplands is excellent farming land, and yields fine crops of 
wheat, corn, oats, hay, etc., and more tobacco is raised in 
this county than in any other. Coal is abundant. In 1850 
the county contained 1,513 dwellings and families, 8,811 
inhabitants, 994 farms, and 22 productive establishments. 
Booneville is the county seat. 

Washington county, organized 1813, contains 540 
square miles, and is bounded north by Jackson, east by 



102 INDIANA. 

Scott and Clarke, south by Harrison and Crawford, and 
west by Orange and Lawrence. It is watered by the Mus- 
cataituck and east fork of White river on the north and 
northwest, Lost river on the west, and by the head- waters 
of Blue river on the east and south. The surface is more 
diversified than that of any other county, and the scene is 
ever varying. Hills, levels, and undulations succeed each 
other rapidly, and the forest, prairie, and barren inter- 
mingle strangely. Sink-holes leading to caverns below 
are numerous, indicating the presence of a limestone 
formation beneath. The soils are generally fertile, how- 
ever, and supply a considerable surplus of grain, which, 
with live stock, is the staple export. Manufactures are 
carried on to a considerable extent, and progress has been 
made in almost every branch of industry. In 1850 the 
county contained 2,897 dwellings, 2,954 families, 17,040 
inhabitants, 1,718 farms, and 83 productive establishments. 
Salem, on the New Albany and Salem railroad, and origi- 
nally the northern terminus of the line, is the county seat. 
Wayne county, organized 1810, contains 420 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Eandolph, east by the 
Ohio state line, south by Union and Fayette, and west by 
Fayette and Henry. The streams are the east and west 
branches of W r hite Water river, which, with their nume- 
rous tributaries, afford sufficient water-power. The sur- 
face, with the exception of a somewhat hilly region in the 
southeast, is either level or pleasantly rolling. Dense 
forests originally covered the whole county. The soil is 
a rich loam, bedded on clay, and is well adapted for wheat, 
corn, and grass ; and such has been the skill and industry 
of the settlers, that the county has become in appearance 
garden-like, producing in abundance every variety of 
grain, vegetable, and fruit, and it exports largely of its 
surplus. Manufacturing industry is also in a prosperous 



COUNTY TOPOGRAPHY. 103 

condition. In 1850 the county contained 4,515 dwellings, 
4,529 families, 25,320 inhabitants, 1,934 farms, and 213 
productive establishments. It is crossed east and west 
by the National road and by the railroad from Indianapo- 
lis to Ohio ; the White Water canal also crosses its south- 
west corner. Centerville is the county seat ; but Rich- 
mond, near the state line, and on the track of the rail- 
road, is the most important town. 

| Wells county, organized 1837, contains 372 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Allen, east by Adams, 
south by Jay and Blackford, and west by Grant and Hunt- 
ington. The Wabash river runs nearly through the cen- 
ter, and furnishes extensive mill privileges. The surface 
is level or gently undulating, well timbered with oak, 
walnut, ash, hickory, beech, sugar, etc., and the soil is 
uniformly good. With the exception of some wet prairie 
and swamp land, the whole county may be farmed advan- 
tageously. Its settlement, however, is recent, and, as yet. 
it has supplied but little to the markets. In 1850 it con- 
tained 1,021 dwellings and families, 6,152 inhabitants, 640 
farms, and 14 productive establishments. Blufftoiv, on 
the Wabash, is the county seat. 

White county, organized 1834, contains 504 square 
miles, and is bounded north by Jasper and Pulaski, east 
by Cass and Carroll, south by Tippecanoe, and west by 
Benton and Jasper. The Tippecanoe river is the princi- 
pal water-course, and, besides this, the county has several 
streams of less pretensions, as Big and Little Metamonong 
creeks, and Big, Spring, and Mootses creeks. Two thirds 
of the surface are prairie, and, at least, one half is dry and 
gently undulating. The soil is uniformly rich, and the 
forest growths of excellent quality. Abundant crops are 
produced, and a heavy surplus of wheat, corn, and pork 
are annually sent to market. In 1850 there were in the 



104 INDIANA. 

county 821 dwellings, 825 families, 4,761 inhabitants, 458 
farms, and 10 productive establishments. Monticello, 
on the west bank of the Tippecanoe, is the county seat. 

Whitley county, organized 1842, contains 324 square 
miles, and is bound north by Noble, east by Allen, south 
by Huntington, and west by Wabash and Kosciusko. Eel 
river runs through the county, and, in its course, supplies 
good mill power. The north and middle portions are un- 
dulating, and in some parts hilly ; the south is mostly level. 
The great bulk of the county is forest land, interspersed 
with small wet prairies, but there are also considerable 
bottoms and barrens. The timber is of almost every va- 
riety found in the state ; and the soil is generally a sandy 
loam, well suited to general farming Wheat, corn, and 
grass thrive exceedingly well, but as yet very little sur- 
plus has been sent to market. The Wabash and Erie canal 
touches its southeast corner. In 1850 the county contained 
913 dwellings, 941 families, 5,190 inhabitants, 522 farms, 
and 8 productive establishments. Columbia, on the north 
bank of Blue river, is the county seat. 



REFERENCE INDEX 

TO 

COLTON'S MAPS OF INDIANA. 



Note. — To find on the map the position of any place mentioned in the INDEX, 
observe the letters annexed to it in the first column; then find the corresponding 
letters on the top or bottom and sides of the map, and from the letters respective!/ 
trace lines to an intersection, near which the place sought for will be found. 

62^ Places where post-offices are established are marked thus, *; counties are 
printed in CAPITALS, and county seats in italics. 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Mn 


Aberdeen 


Ohio 


Ma 


* Angola 


Steuben 


Mj 


*Abingdon 


Wayne 


Dp 


^Angostura 


Pike 


Kd 


*Aboite 


Allen 


Ek 


Anguilla 


Clay 


Ld 


Aboite River 


Allen 


Ei 


*Annapolis 


Parke 


Kk 


Adams 


Decatur 


I 1 


Anthony's M'ls 


Bartholomew 


Me 


ADAMS 




Hp 


Applegate's M. 


Orange 


Fq 


Adye's Mills 


Perry 


I h 


Arcadia 


Hamilton 


E o 


Aikman's Cr'k 


Daviess 


Kk 


Ardeny 


Decatur 


Ei 


* Alamo 


Montgomery 


Ei 


*Armiesburg 


Parke 


Lg 


Albany 


Delaware 


Ki 


Arnolds 


Rush 


Kb 


* Albion 


Noble 


Mm 


Arnold's Creek 


Ohio 


J n 


Albion 


Scott 


Br 


Arthur's Isl. F. 


Posey 


Mf 


Alexander 


Adams 


Lb 


*Artic 


De Kalb 


J g 


^Alexandria 


Madison 


Kk 


Ashland 


Rush 


Ld 


ALLEN 




J e 


Ashland 


Wabash 


Mg 


Allen sville 


Randolph 


fe j 


*Ashland 


Fayette 


Mn 


* Allen sville 


Switzerland 


?g 


*Attiea 


Fountain 


J i 


Alfontsville 


Madison 


Lb 


"Auburn 


De Kalb 


I i 


*Allisonville 


Marion 


Hi 


*Augusta 


Marion 


Dr 


Alpha 


Warrick 


Mm 


^Aurora 


Dearborn 


H 


*Alquina 


Fayette 


Lb 


*Avilla 


Noble 


I f 


* Alto Centre 


Howard 


J m 


*Azalia 


Bartholomew 


Ml 


Alton 


Brown 








Hq 


Alton 


Crawford 


Gf 


Bachelor's Cr. 


Carroll 


I f 


America 


Wabash 


Kh 


Back Creek 


Delaware 


Ff 


*Americus 


Tippecanoe 


Hn 


Back Creek 


Lawrence 


S j 


Amesburg 


Parke 


F n 


Bagnes Creek 


Martin 


Ge 


* Amsterdam 


Cass 


J n 


Baich's Mill 


Jackson 


I k 


* Amity 


Johnson 


K a 


Bailey Town 


Porter 


?, q 


Anderson's C'k 


Spencer 


£ j 


*Bainbridge 


Putnam 


Ef 


Anderson's Gr, 


Benton 


Ga 


Bald Hill 


La Porte 


J h 


*AndersonVwn 


Madison 


Hm 


Bale's Bridge 


Monroe 


Lk 


*Andersonv'le 


Franklin 


\ e 


*Ballenger's 


Tipton 


Fl 


Anderton 


Greene 


Li m 


*Ballstown 


Ripley 



106 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 

Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 

Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


dT 


* Baltimore 


Warren 


Hp 


Big Ben 


Crawford 


Ge 


Barber's Mill 


Starke 


Kn 


Big Creek 


Jefferson 


Ln 


*Barboursville 


Jefferson 


Br 


Big Creek 


Posey 


Gr 


Barger's Mills 


Perry 


F e 


Big Creek 


White 


Hp 


* Barren 


Harrison 


Mk 


Big Cedar Gr. 


Franklin 


He 


Barron 


Cass 


Hb 


Big Eagle C'k 


Hamilton 


I 1 


BARTHOLO- 




F b 


*Bigelow's M's 


La Porte 




MEW 




Hk 


Big Indian C'k 


Morgan 


Mh 


Bartonia 


Randolph 


F d 


Big Metamon- 


Pulaski 


J d 


Bass Lake 


Wabash 




ong Creek 




LIk 


*Bath 


Union 


Dq 


Big Pigeon Cr. 


Warrick 


I k 


Bayersville 


Johnson 


Ef 


Big Pine Creek 


Warren 


Fn 


Beach Creek 


Martin 


E j 


Big RaccoonC. 


Parke 


HI 


*Bean Blossom 


Brown 


F r 


Big Sandy C'k 


Spencer 


Mm 


*Bear Branch 


Ohio 


E g 


BigShawneeC. 


Fountain 


J 1 


Bear Creek 


Bartholomew 


G a 


*Big Springs 


La Porte 


Lk 


Bear Creek 


Fayette 


Mk 


*Billingsville 


Union 


Eh 


Bear Creek 


Fountain 


E m 


Black Creek 


Greene 


I h 


Bear Creek 


Hamilton 


En 


Black Creek 


Knox 


Mf 


*Bear Creek 


Jay 


L c 


Black Creek 


Noble 


Kn 


Bear Creek 


Jennings 


Kf 


♦Blackford 


Blackford 


Er 


Bear Creek 


Perry 


Kf 


BLACKFORD 




I P 


Bear Creek 


Washington 


J k 


Black HawkV 


Shelby 


Dd 


Beaver Creek 


Jasper 


I r 


Bladensburg 


Kentucky 


F o 


Beaver Creek 


Martin 


g 


Blair's Mills 


Clinton 


Gd 


Beaver Creek 


Pulaski 


C q 


*Blairsville 


Posey 


J e 


*Beaver Dam 


Kosciusko 


F i 


Blakesburg 


Putnam 


Dd 


Beaver Lake 


Jasper 


F m 


* Bloomfield 


Greene 


Hn 


Beck's Ferry 


Lawrence 


Mf 


Bloomlield 


Jay 


Gn 


* Bedford 


Lawrence 


J c 


Bloomingburg 


Fulton 


Le 


*Bee Creek 


Wells 


L k 


"'Blooming Gr. 


Franklin 


Kj 


* Beech Grove 


Rush 


Mh 


Blooming Port 


Randolph 


Mj 


*Beechy Mire 


Union 


Gl 


* Bloomington 


Monroe 


Cr 


*Beech Park 


Posey 


L h 


*Blountsville 


Henry 


E n 


Beersville 


Knox 


Me 


Blue Creek 


Adams 


Kh 


Bell Creek 


Delaware 


Mk 


Blue Creek 


Franklin 


F b 


Belmont 


La Porte 


Dq 


Blue Grass Cr. 


Vanderburg 


Gj 


^Belleville 


Hendricks 


J 


^Blue Lick 


Clarke 


Mm 


Bellevue 


Kentucky 


J J 


*Blue Ridge 


Shelby 


Kj 


Ben Davis' C'k 


Rush 


J J 


Blue River 


Shelby 


Gq 


Bennett's Mills 


Clinton 


Kc 


Blue River 


Whitley 


Jp 


*Bennetsville 


Clarke 


Kc 


Blue River L. 


Whitley 


Ln 


* Bennington 


Switzerland 


Le 


* Bluff ton 


Wells 


J b 


*Benton 


Elkhart 


En 


'Bogard 


Daviess 


Df 


BENTON 




B r 


Bone Bank 


Posey 


Lj 


*Bentonville 


Fayette 


Hn 


*Bono 


Lawrence 


Gg 


"Berlin 


Clinton 


Gh 


BOONE 




Eo 


* Berry sville 


Knox 


Eb 


Boone Grove 


Porter 


I 1 


Bethany 


Bartholomew 


Eq 


*Booneville 


Warrick 


He 


Bethlehem 


Cass 


Dq 


Boston 


Warrick 


Ko 


* Bethlehem 


Clarke 


Mi 


*Boston 


Wayne 


I i 


Bethlehemj 


Hamilton 


Hb 


*Bourbon 


Marshall 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



107 



Ref. 
Let. 



Names of Places. 



Names of Places. 



F k 
I h 
Li 
E r 
J c 
Do 
I q 

J J 

Ek 

Hb 

Fl 

Mn 

I a 

Hj 

Fq 

Mm 

Ka 

Fg 

J a 

I J 
Ma 
Ed 
Ln 

Mk 

Dj 

HI 

Hi 

I n 

F i 

Mj 

Ek 

Dn 

E i 

F j 

La 

Kn 

Hn 

J f 

F m 

Ka 

I J 

Ff 

CP 

Lk 

I h 

Kn 

Do 

Gn 

Gc 

J o 

I m 

Kp 



* Bowling Gr. 
*Boxley 
Boyd's 
Boyd's Mills 
*Boydston M's 
*Braceville 
^Bradford 

* Brandy wine 
*Brazil 
*Bremen 
Brentonsville 
Brian's Creek 
Bridgeport 

* Bridgeport 
Bridgeport 
" Bright 
^Brighton 
*Bringham's G 
^Bristol 
*Broad Ripple 
Brockville 
*Brook 
Brooksburg 

Brooksville 
Brouellet Cr'k 
BROWN 
*Brownsburg 
*B?'ownstown 
Brownsville 
^Brownsville 
Brownsville 
*Bruceville 
*Bruen's X R. 
*Brunerstown 

Brushy Prair. 
*Bryansburg 

Bryantsville 
Buck Creek 

Buck Creek 
Buck Creek 
Buck Creek 
Buck Creek 
*Buckskin 
Buena Vista 
Buena Vista 
*Buena Vista 
Buena Vista 
Buena Vista 
Buena Vista 
Buena Vista 
Buffalo 
Bull Creek 



Clay 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Spencer 

Kosciusko 

Knox 

Harrison 

Shelby 

Clay 

Marshall 

Owen 

Switzerland 

Elkhart 

Marion 

Perry 

Dearborn 

La Grange 

Tippecanoe 

Elkhart 

Marion 

Steuben 

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Franklin 

Vermilion 

Hendricks 

Jackson 

Montgomery 

Union 

Vigo 

Knox 

Parke 

Putnam 

La Grange 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Grant 

Greene 

La Grange 

Shelby 

Tippecanoe 

Gibson 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Knox 

Monroe 

Pulaski 

Washington 

Brown 

Clarke 



Kd 

Lk 

I f 

F q 

I n 

Hf 

[ h 

Kj 

Ef 

Ff 

Ge 

Dk 

Ge 

Kb 

F j 

D m 

Lb 

E m 

J g 

Gg 

Ga 

J a 

Ki 

D m 

Kd 

F a 

F a 

Lh 

L i 

Gf 

Lf 

Ki 

Kn 

Hk 

I c 

J p 

Lg 

Km 

Ln 

J o 

Kg 

F r 

I o 

Lk 

Dm 

Kj 

I h 

F i 

Ee 

Ge 

Gf 



Bull Creek 
Bull Town 
Bunker Hill 
Burdett's Mills 
Burge's Ferry 
*Burlington 
Burlington 
Burlington 
Burnett's 
Burnett's Cr'k 
*Burnett's Cr 
Burnett's Mills 
Burnettsville 
* Burr Oak 
*Burton 
Busseron Cr'k 
*Butler 
Buzroen's M'ls 
Buzzardsville 
Byre's Mills 
Byron 

*Cabin Hill 
*Cadiz 
Caledonia 
Calf Creek 
Calumet 
Calumet River 
Calvin Creek 
*Cambridge C, 
*Camden 
Camden 
Camp Creek 
Camp Creek 
Camp Creek 
*Camp Creek 
Camp Run 
Campbell's Cr. 
*Cana 
*Canaan 
Cane Run 
Canesville 
*Cannelton 
*Canton 
Carison's Cr. 
^Carlisle 
Carmel 
*Carmel 
Carpentersb'g 
Carpenter's C. 
Carroll 
CARROLL C, 



Huntington 

Franklin 

Miami 

Perry 

Washington 

Carroll 

Delaware 

Rush 

Tippecanoe 

Tippecanoe 

White 

Vigo 

Carroll 

Noble 

Parke 

Sullivan 

De Kalb 

Sullivan 

Madison 

Clinton 

La Porte 

Elkhart 

Henry 

Sullivan 

Huntington 

Porter 

Porter 

Randolph 

Wayne 

Carroll 

Jay 

Clarke 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Kosciusko 

Clarke 

Delaware 

Jennings 

Jefferson 

Clarke 

Grant 

Perry 

Washington 

Fayette 

Sullivan 

Rush 

Hamilton 

Putnam 

Jasper 

Carroll 



108 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 

Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Hf 


Carrollton 


Carroll 


He 


Clay 


Cass 


Kj 


*Carthage 


Rusk 


Ek 


CLAY 




F g 


*Cass 


Tippecanoe 


J c 


♦Clayport 


Kosciusko 


He 


CASS 




Gj 


Claysville 


Hendricks 


F r 


Castleberry C. 


Perry 


Ho 


♦Claysville 


Washington 


Fk 


*Cataract Mills 


Owen 


Kd 


Clear Creek 


Huntington 


Ge 


♦Cathcart 


White 


Gn 


Clear Creek 


Monroe 


Co 


Cathlenettes P. 


Knox 


Hk 


Clear Creek 


Morgan 


J m 


Cave 


Jennings 


Dk 


Clear Creek 


Vigo 


Hn 


Cave Spring 


Lawrence 


J e 


♦Clear Spring 


Kosciusko 


Lc 


Cedar Creek 


Allen 


Hi 


♦Clermont 


Marion 


Lb 


Cedar Creek 


De Kalb 


Gq 


Cleveland 


Clinton 


Dc 


Cedar Creek 


Lake 


Kl 


♦Clifty 


Decatur 


Mk 


♦Cedar Grove 


Franklin 


Hn 


Clifty Creek 


Washington 


Db 


♦Cedar Lake 


Lake 


J 1 


Clifty Creek 


Bartholomew 


Hm 


Cedar Spring 


Jackson 


Kk 


Clifty Creek 


Decatur 


Mc 


Cedarville 


Allen 


He 


Clinton 


Cass 


J c 


Centre Lake 


Kosciusko 


Dj 


♦Clinton 


Vermilion 


Db 


Centreville 


Lake 


Gg 


CLINTON 




J 


Centreville • 


Scott 


F k 


♦Cloverdale 


Putnam 


Mi 


* Centreville 


Wayne 


Ek 


Cloverland 


Clay 


Bq 


Chainville 


Posey 


Gr 


Cloverport 


Kentucky 


Eh 


Chambersb'rg 


Fountain 


Dh 


Coal Banks 


Fountain 


Ho 


♦Chambersb'g 


Orange 


F r 


Coal Beds 


Perry 


I f 


♦Chancery 


Howard 


Fq 


Coal Beds 


Perry 


J p 


* Charleston 


Clarke 


Dj 


Coal Creek 


Vigo 


J i 


Charleston 


Hancock 


Di 


Coal Creek 


Parke 


J J 


♦Charlottesv'l. 


Hancock 


Kl 


♦Cobb's Fork 


Decatur 


Eg 


Chatalie 


Warren 


Kc 


♦Coesse 


Whitley 


I 


♦Chesnut Hill 


Washington 


Ek 


* Coffee 


Clay 


Mi 


♦Chester 


Wayne 


F a 


* Coffee Creek 


Porter 


F m 


Chesterfield 


Greene 


J n 


Coffin's 


Jackson 


J h 


♦Chesterfield 


Madison 


I i 


Cold Creek 


Hamilton 


I e 


♦Chili 


Miami 


Eh 


*Cole Creek 


Fountain 


Ln 


China 


Jefferson 


F a 


Cole's 


La Porte 


He 


Chippewa 


Fulton 


Hq 


Cole's Mill 


Crawford 


Ek 


♦Christie's Pr 


Clay 


Fp 


Colesline 


Dubois 


1 m 


Christianburg 


Brown 


Mj 


CollegeCorner 


Ohio 


I a 


Christian Cr. 


Elkhart 


Gl 


CollegeT'wns. 


Monroe 


Kc 


♦Churubusco 


Whitley 


Lk 


♦Columbia 


Fayette 


I h 


Cicero Creek 


Hamilton 


K c 


Columbia 


Whitley 


I h 


♦Cicero Town 


Hamilton 


Go 


Columbiaville 


Martin 


Eg 


Cicot 


Warren 


J 1 


* Columbus 


Bartholomew 


F m 


Cincinnati 


Greene 


Co 


Common Field 


Knox 


He 


Circle ville 


Cass 


Fg 


♦Concord 


Tippecanoe 


Ea 


♦City West 


Porter 


Do 


Conger's Cr. 


Pike 


J o 


CLARKE 




J i 


Conner's Cr. 


Hamilton 


Fn 


Clarksburg 


Daviess 


Lj 


* Connersville 


Fayette 


Kk 


♦Clarksburgh 


Decatur 


J k 


♦Conn's Creek 


Shelby 


Hi 


Clarkstown 


Boone 


Mm 


♦Coopersville 


Dearborn 


J p 


Clarksville 


Clarke 


1 m 


Coop's Ferry 


J neks on 


Ga 


Classon's Corn 


La Porte 


1 a 


Corbert's Cr. 


Elkhart 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



109 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


F i 


Cornstalk 


Montgomery 


Mm 


Decatur 


Crawford 


Kc 


Corsse 


Whitley 


Kl 


DECATUR 




i q 


* Cory don 


Harrison 


E a 


♦Deep River 


Lake 


Mj 


*Cottage Gr. 


Union 


Hf 


Deer Creek 


Carroll 


Ha 


♦Cottage Hill 


St. Joseph 


J f 


Deer Creek 


Grant 


I m 


Courtland 


Jackson 


Gr 


Deer Creek 


Perry 


Ha 


Coupee Prairie 


St. Joseph 


Fj 


Deer Creek 


Putnam 


Dh 


* Covington 


Fountain 


J k 


Deer Creek 


Shelby 


Kd 


Cow Creek 


Huntington 


Mg 


Deerfield 


Randolph 


Hn 


Cox's Ferry 


Lawrence 


L b 


♦De Kalb 


De Kalb 


Kg 


Cranberry 


Delaware 


L b 


DE KALB 




n 


CRAWFORD 




I n 


Delaney's Cr. 


Washington 


*Crawfordsvil. 


Montgomery 


L m 


♦Delaware 


Ripley 


Gg 


Cripe's Run 


Clinton 


Kg 


DELAWARE 




J 1 


Critzer's Mills 


Decatur 


E o 


♦Delectable H. 


Pike 


Md 


Crooked Cr. 


Alton 


Gf 


*Delphi 


Carroll 


Kn 


Crooked Cr. 


Jefferson 


Ej 


♦Delta 


Parke 


Hi 


Crooked Cr. 


Marion 


E j 


Depew's Mills 


Parke 


Fb 


Crooked Cr. 


Porter 


Gq 


Derby 


Perry 


F r 


Crooked Cr. 


Spencer 


C o 


Deshee River 




Ma 


♦Crooked Cr. 


Steuben 


F j 


Dewees' Brid. 


Putnam 


L a 


Crooked Lake 


Steuben 


C r 


Diamond Isl. 


Posey 


Fk 


Cross Creek 


Putnam 


D o 


Dicksburg 


Knox 


L m 


♦Cross Plains 


Ripley 


E j 


♦Dickson's M. 


Parke 


Db 


♦ Crown Point 


Lake 


M m 


♦Dillsborough 


Dearborn 


1 J 


♦Cumberland 


Marion 


G a 


Dishamine L. 


La Porte 


Li 


CumberlandR. 


Henry 


F m 


Doan's Creek 


Greene 


Bq 


Cut-off Island 


Posey 


F k 


Doe Creek 


Putnam 


D m 


♦ Curry sville 


Sullivan 


D m 


♦Don 


Sullivan 


I i 


Cynthiana 


Hamilton 


G a 


♦Door Village 


La Porte 


Cg 


♦Cynthiana 


Posey 


J e 


Dora 


Wabash 


J k 


Cynthiana 


Shelby 


F n 


*Dover Hill 


Martin 


Dr 


Cypress Cr. 


Warrick 


Fan 


Dresden 


Greene 








Mk 


*Drewersburg 


Franklin 


F q 


♦Dale 


Spencer 


Ki 


Driftwood Cr. 


Henry 


J f 


♦Dallas 


Grant 


I n 


Driftwood R. 


Jackson 


Li 


*Dalton 


Wayne 


I n 


Drusilla 


Jackson 


E b 


♦Daman Run 


Porter 


Eh 


Dry Run 


Fountain 


Gj 


*Danville 


Hendricks 


I b 


Dry Run 


Hamilton 


Me 


*Darby 


Adams 


E j 


Dublin 


Parke 


Fh 


♦Darlington 


Montgomery 


L i 


*Dublin 


Wayne 


Ec 


Davidson's M. 


Jasper 


Fp 


DUBOIS 




i q 


♦Davidson 


Harrison 


J h 


Duck Creek 


Hamilton 


E n 


DAVIESS 




Ki 


Duck Creek 


Henry 


Gn 


Davis' Ferry 


Lawrence 


L k 


Duck Creek 


Franklin 


Di 


Davis Ferry 


Vermilion 


J n 


*Dudley 


Jackson 


F p 


♦Davis Creek 


Dubois 


Mj 


*Dunlapsville 


Union 


F d 


Davisonville 


Jasper 


Kn 


*Dupont 


Jefferson 


F g 


* Day ton 


Tippecanoe 


F a 


Durham 


La Porte 


Hq 


Dean's Mills 


Crawford 


J e 


Durham 


Wabash 


Mm 


DEARBORN 




Dk 


Durkee's Fer. 


Vigo 


Me 


*Decatur 


Adams 


J f 


Dwiggin's M. 


Grant 



10 



110 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 

Let 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Hi 


Eagle Creek 


Marion 


G n 


Fairfax 


Monroe 


Gc 


Eagle Creek 


Starke 


Mk 


* Fairfield 


Franklin 


Hj 


Eagle Fork 


Hendricks 


L b 


Fairfield Cent. 


De Kalb 


J c 


Eagle Lake 


Kosciusko 


Mj 


Fairhaven 


Ohio 


Gc 


Eagle Lake 


Starke 


J g 


Fairmont 


Grant 


L a 


Eagle Mills 


Steuben 


F m 


*Fairplay 


Greene 


E o 


Eagle Pond 


Knox 


Mc 


Fairport 


Allen 


Hh 


Eagletown 


Hamilton 


J c 


Fairview 


Kosciusko 


Hi 


* Eagle Village 


Boone 


Lg 


Fairview 


Randolph 


Md 


*E. Germant'n 


Wayne 


Lj 


Fairview 


Rush 


Mi 


East Liberty 


Allen 


Lj 


Fall Creek 


Fayette 


Fj 


*Eberle 


Putnam 


I i 


Fall Creek 


Marion 


Li 


^Economy 
*Eden 


Wayne 


J h 


Fall Creek 


Madison 


J i 


Hancock 


J p 


Falling Run 


Floyd 


I k 


^Edinburgh 


Johnson 


Lj 


*Falmouth 


Fayette 


F n 


*p]dwardsport 


Daviess 


B r 


Farmersville 


Posey 


Do 


*Edwardsport 


Knox 


Kf 


Farmington 


Grant 


Lc 


*Eel River 


Allen 


I h 


Farmington 


Hamilton 


He 


Eel River 


Cass 


Kj 


^Farmington 


Rush 


Ek 


Eel R. Feeder 


Clay 


G e 


Farmington 


White 


J d 


Eel River 


Kosciusko 


Hk 


*Far West 


Johnson 


Kp 


Eight'nMilels. 


Clarke 


Lj 


FAYETTE 




I q 


^Elizabeth 


Harrison 


Lj 


Fayetteville 


Fayette 


Kg 


Elizabethtown 


Delaware 


Hn 


*Fayetteville 


Lawrence 


I 1 


*Elizabethto'n 


Bartholomew 


F q 


Ferdinand 


Dubois 


I m 


Elizabethtown 


Jackson 


Ef 


Filmore 


Porter 


I n 


Elk Creek 


Washington 


Fj 


Filmore 


Putnam 


J a 


*Elkhart 


Elkhart 


Fj 


*Fincastle 


Putnam 


J a 


ELKHART 




F n 


First Creek 


Martin 


J a 


Elkhart Prairie 


Elkhart 


Ma 


*Fish Creek 


Steuben 


J a 


Elkhart River 


Elkhart 


J d 


Fisher's Mill 


Kosciusko 


Mi 


Elkhorn Cr. 


Wayne 


J a 


Fish Lake 


Elkhart 


J p 


Elk Run 


Clarke 


Ga 


Fish Lake 


La Porte 


Gb 


*Ellettsville 


Monroe 


Br 


Fish Lake 


Posey 


Ka 


*Ellisburg 


La Grange 


Ep 


Flat Creek 


Pike 


J m 


Elm Grove 


Jennings 


C r 


Flat Fork 


Posey 


Kl 


Ely 


Jennings 


J k 


*Flat Rock 


Shelby 


L m 


*E)rod 


Ripley 


J 1 


Flat Rock Cr. 


Bartholomew 


Kf 


Embree's Mill 


Grant 


L i 


Flat Rock Cr. 


Henry 


Lg 


*Emmettsville 


Randolph 


Kk 


Flat Rock Cr. 


Rush 


Dn 


Emmison's M. 


Knox 


L e 


Flat Rock Cr. 


Wells 


Gc 


English Lake 


Starke 


J k 


*Flemmings 


Shelby 


La 


English Prairie 


La Grange 


G m 


Flemming'sSS 


Monroe 


LI 


Enochsburg 


Franklin 


M m 


Flick's Creek 


Dearborn 


Ke 


Etna 


Noble 


K d 


Flint Creek 


Huntington 


Di 


*Eugene 


Vermilion 


Gq 


Flint Island 


Perry 


Dr 


* Evansville 


Vanderburg 


Mn 


^Florence 


Switzerland 


Lk 


*Everton 


Fayette 


I P 


FLOYD 




Ea 


*Extr. S. Bend 


L. of Michigan 


Ka 


Fly Creek 


La Grange 








Bp 


Foote's Gr. P'd 


Gibson 


Dl 


Fairbanks 


Sullivan 


J g 


Forrestville 


Madison 


Mi 


Fairfax 


Wayne 


E a 


Fort Creek 


Porter 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ill 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Dk 


Fort Harrison 


Vigo 


F b 


Grand Marsh 


La Porte 


Dn 


Fort Knox 


Knox 


B r 


GrandChainR. 


Posey 


Ld 


Fort Wayne 


Allen 


E e 


Grand Prairie 


Benton 


Eh 


FOUNTAIN 




C P 


Grand Rapids 


Knox 


Ko 


Fourteen M. C. 


Clarke 


J f 


GRANT 




i q 


Fourteen Spr. 


Harrison 


Mn 


*Grant'sCreek 


Switzerland- 


Dp 


Francisco 


Gibson 


G e 


Grant's Creek 


White 


Gg 


*Frankfort 


Clinton 


Kg 


*Granville 


Delaware 


L k 


Franklin 


Franklin 


Ha 


GrapeVine Cr. 


St Joseph 


I k 


*Franklin 


Johnson 


I n 


Grassy Fork 


Jackson 


L i 


Franklin 


Wayne 


Dl 


Grassy Pond 


Vigo 


Mk 


FRANKLIN 




Hp 


Great Blue R. 


Harrison 


F h 


Fredericksb'g 


Montgomery 


Kk 


Great Falls 


Decatur 


Hp 


*Fredericksb. 


Washington 


Ml 


Great Miami R 


Ohio 


5<i 


*Fredonia 


Crawford 


Hq 


Great Spring 


Harrison 


Ga 


Free Bridge 


La Porte 


J f 


* Green berry 


Grant 


F 1 


Freedom 


Owen 


Fj 


* Green Castle 


Putnam 


I m 


Freeport 


Jackson 


Kb 


*Greene 


Noble 


£ j 


*Freeport 


Shelby 


F m 


GREENE 




G o 


*French L.Sal. 


Orange 


J i 


* Greenfield 


Hancock 


Ma 


*Fremont 


Steuben 


Dr 


Green River I. 


Vanderburg 


E* 


*French Island 


Spencer 


Ki 


^Greensboro' 


Henry 


Er 


*Fresbie's M'ls 


Warrick 


Kl 


*Greensburg 


Decatur 


13 


Froman's Mill 


Crawford 


L i 


*Green's Fork 


Wayne 


Fulton 


Fulton 


I f 


Greentown 


Howard 


Hd 


FULTON 




I P 


^Greenville 


Floyd 


Hq 


Fullinwider's 




I j 


^Greenwood 


Johnson 




Mills 


Crawford 


Dm 


*Greysville 


Sullivan 








Ki 


Griggs 


Rush 


I P 


*Galena 


Floyd 


Ki 


*Groves 


Rush 


Ej 


*Gallatin 


Parke 


Mm 


Guionsville 


Dearborn 


I b 


Galveston 


Kosciusko 


I n 


Gullett's Ferry 


Jackson 


F q 


Gentryville 


Spencer 


Hn 


Guthrey's 


Lawrence 


HI 


Georgetown 


Brown 








I P 


*Georgetown 


Floyd 


Li 


*Hagarstown 


Wayne 


Lh 


Georgetown 


Randolph 


I n 


Hallaway's F. 


Jackson 


I i 


*Germantown 


Marion 


J p 


*Hamburg 


Clarke 


Kk 


Germantown 


Decatur 


Hn 


Hamer's Mill 


Lawrence 


Cr 


German town 


Vanderburg 


Mc 


Hamilton 


Allen 


L i 


Germantown 


Wayne 


Gg 


Hamilton 


Clinton 


Fp 


*Germanville 


Dubois 


J h 


Hamilton 


Madison 


Cp 


GIBSON 




Mb 


^Hamilton 


Steuben 


Ka 


Gibraltar 


La Grange 


I h 


HAMILTON 




I d 


*Gilead 


Miami 


Ma 


Hamilton's M. 


Steuben 


Ej 


Gilkeson's Mill 


Parke 


Ha 


^Hammond's 


St. Joseph 


Kj 


*Goddard 


Rush 


Hj 


*Hampton 


Hendricks 


Kf 


*Good Hope 


Noble 


J i 


HANCOCK 




Dp 


Gondola 


Pike 


Mj 


Hannah Creek 


Union 


J a 


* Goshen 


Elkhart 


Kj 


*Hannegan 


Rush 


Gk 


*Gosport 


Owen 


J j 


Hanover 


Shelby 


Km 


Graham's Fork 


Jennings 


Mm 


Hanover 


Ohio 


Kh 


*Graham 


Jefferson 


Hp 


*Hardingsb'rg 


Washington 



112 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 
Let 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Kef. 

Let. 


Names of Places 


Counties. 


Ml 


Hardingsburg 


Brown 


Dk 


Honey Creek 


Vigo 


E k 


*Harmony 


Clay 


Gb 


Hood's Creek 


La Porte 


Lj 


*Harrisburg 


Fayette 


Ej 


Hoosier's Mills 


Parke 


Ga 


Harris Lake 


La Porte 


J 1 


*Hope 


Bartholomew 


J a 


Harris Prairie 


St. Joseph 


I h 


Horse-shoe B. 


Hamilton 


Ml 


Harrison 


Brown 


D i 


Howard 


Parke 


He 


Harrison 


Cass 


I f 


HOWARD 




Dk 


Harrison 


Vigo 


Hm 


Houston 


Jackson 


i q 


HARRISON 




Ga 


♦Hudson 


La Porte 


F n 


Harrisonville 


Martin 


E q 


Huffman's M'ls 


Spencer 


F f 


Harrisonville 


Tippecanoe 


F p 


Hunley's Cr. 


Dubois 


J o 


Harristown 


Washington 


L 1 


Huntersville 


Franklin 


Gm 


*Harrodsburg 


Monroe 


F g 


Huntersville 


Tippecanoe 


Kf 


Hartford 


Blackford 


Fp 


♦Huntingburg 


Dubois 


Gp 


Hartford 


Crawford 


Ke 


* Huntington 


Huntington 


Mm 


*Hartford 


Ohio 


K e 


HUNTiNGT'N 




L m 


*Hart's Mills 


Ripley 


Mn 


Hunt's Creek 


Switzerland 


J 1 


*Hartsville 


Bartholomew 


L m 


Hunt's Mills 


Ripley 


Dp 


Harvey's Cr. 


Pike 


J i 


♦Huntsville 


Madison 


2* 


Hascall's Mills 


Perry 


Lh 


Huntsville 


Randolph 


S* 


Hatfield's 


Perry 


J 1 


Hydraulic M'ls 


Bartholomew 


F 1 


*Hausertown 


Owen 








J 1 


Haw Creek 


Bartholomew 


Ga 


Independence 


La Porte 


Eo 


Haw Creek 


Martin 


Eg 


*Independ'nce 


Warren 


J a 


*Haw Patch 


La Grange 


E a 


Indiana City 


Lake 


F o 


*Haysville 


Dubois 


I J 


Indianapolis 


Marion 


Ei 


*Headley's M. 


Fountain 


Hq 


Indian Creek 


Harrison 


Eb 


*Hebron 


Porter 


Gn 


Indian Creek 


Lawrence 


Hm 


*Heltonville 


Lawrence 


Hk 


Indian Creek 


Morgan 


Gi 


HENDRICK'S 




Gd 


Indian Creek 


Pulaski 


Ki 


HENRY 




L n 


Indian Creek 


Switzerland 


E b 


Henry Mill 


Porter 


L m 


Ind. Kentucky 


Ripley 


I k 


*Hensley 


Johnson 


L.n 


Ind. Ken. Cr. 


Jefferson 


L m 


*Hermann 


Ripley 


J m 


Indian Mound 


Jackson 


J 1 


*Herod 


Bartholomew 


I g 


♦Indian Prair. 


Tipton 


K 


*Hibernia 


Clarke 


E d 


Indian Village 


Jasper 


Di 


♦Highland 


Vermilion 


Mg 


Ioway 


Jay 


E h 


*Hillsboro' 


Fountain 


De 


Iroquois River 


Jasper 


Ki 


Hillsboro' 


Henry 








Mi 


Hillsborough 


Wayne 


J a 


* Jackson 


Elkhart 


F o 


Hindoostan 


Martin 


Hj 


Jackson 


Cass 


I h 


Hinckle Creek 


Hamilton 


L i 


♦Jacksonburg 


Wayne 


J n 


Hindsville 


Jefferson 


I m 


JACKSON 




E b 


*Hobart 


Lake 


J f 


Jackson's Mills 


Grant 


F m 


*Hobbieville 


Greene 


Ma 


♦Jackson Pr. 


Steuben 


L a 


Hogback Lake 


Steuben 


E i 


Jacksonville 


Fountain 


F b 


Hog Ci'eek 


La Porte 


Mn 


♦Jacksonville 


Switzerland 


Mm 


Hogan's Creek 


Dearborn 


J f 


Jalapa 


Grant 


F o 


Holbert's 


Martin 


Ma 


James Lake 


Steuben 


L n 


*Home 


Jefferson 


Gi 


♦Jamestown 


Boone 


Hm 


Homer 


Jackson 


I a 


Jamestown 


Elkhart 
Henry 


Fe 


Honey Creek 


White 


Kj 


Jamestown 1 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



113 



Kef. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Fp 


* Jasper 


Dubois 


J c 


KOSCIUSKO 




Ed 


JASPER 




K 1 


Kossuth 


Clay 


Mf 


JAY 




i q 


*Laconia 


Harrison 


Mf 


*Jay 


Jay 


F i 


*Ladoga 


Montgomery 


Gg 


*Jefferson 


Clinton 


F g 


* Lafayette 


Tippecanoe 


Kn 


JEFFERSON 




J e 


*Lafontaine 


Wabash 


J p 


*Jeffersonville 


Clarke 


Ka 


*La Grange 


La Grange 


Mk 


* Jennings 


Franklin 


Ka 


LA GRANGE 




Km 


JENNINGS 




E g 


La Grange 


Warren 


I f 


*Jerome 


Howard 


J e 


*Lagro 


Wabash 


I k 


JOHNSON 




Db 


LAKE 




F 1 


Johnstown 


Owen 


E r 


Lake Drain 


Spencer 


J f 


*Jonesboro' 


Grant 


D a 


Lake George 


Lake 


F m 


Jonesborough 


Greene 


I d 


Lake Manatan 


Fulton 


Eq 


Jonesborough 


Spencer 


He 


LMaxineukke' 


Marshall 


Ld 


Jones' Creek 


Allen 


E a 


Lake Port 


La Porte 


J m 


Jonesville 


Bartholomew 


D c 


Lake Prairie 


Lake 


F k 


Jordan Creek 


Clay 


J b 


L. Tippecanoe 


Kosciusko 








J d 


Laketon 


Wabash 


E c 


Kankakee Riv. 




Cr 


Lamarco City 


Vanderburg 


F e 


Keen's Creek 


White 


Ke 


Lancaster 


Huntington 


F n 


*Kecksville 


Martin 


Kn 


^"Lancaster 


Jefferson 


Ml 


*Kelso 


Dearborn 


F 1 


Lancaster 


Owen 


J m 


Kellar's Mills 


Jennings 


L e 


Lancaster 


Wells 


Lb 


*Kendall ville 


Noble 


i q 


'"Lanes ville 


Harrison 


J J 


Kennedy's 


Shelby 


J i 


Lanesville 


Marion 


Kn 


*Kent 


Jefferson 


G a 


*La Porte 


La Porte 


J e 


Kentner Cr. 


Wabash 


G a 


LA PORTE 




G m 


Ketcham's M. 


Monroe 


F a 


La Porte Pr. 


La Porte 


Hd 


*Kewanna 


Fulton 


L 1 


Laughery 


Ripley 


F n 


Killion's Mill 


Martin 


Mm 


Laughery's C. 


Dearborn 


Kh 


Killbuck Cr. 


Madison 


Gg 


*Lauramie 


Tippecanoe 


J o 


Kimberlin's C. 


Scott 


L k 


*Laurel City 


Franklin 


Hi 


*Kinder 


Brown 


J i 


^Lawrence 


Marion 


E o 


Kinderhook 


Pike 


Mm 


* Lawrencebur. 


Dearborn 


I g 


King's Mill 


Tipton 


Hn 


LAWRENCE 




Gb 


*Kingsbury 


La Porte 


Hn 


Lawrenceport 


Lawrence 


Kl 


*Kingston 


Decatur 


Mm 


*Lawrencevil. 


Dearborn 


J i 


Kinnaman's C. 


Hamilton 


Hm 


Leatherw'd C. 


Lawrence 


J i 


*Kinnard 


Hancock 


E i 


Leatherw'd C. 


Parke 


J i 


Kirkendall's C. 


Hamilton 


Hq 


"■Leavenworth 


Crawford 


Hh 


Kirklin 


Clinton 


Hh 


^Lebanon 


Boone 


Gg 


*Kirk's X R'ds 


Clinton 


Dq 


*Lee 


Warrick 


Km 


Kiser's 


Ripley 


Kc 


Leek's Village 


Whitley 


Kj 


*Knightstown 


Henry 


J c 


*Leesburg 


Kosciusko 


J q 


Knob Creek 


Floyd 


Hn 


* Lees ville 


Lawrence 


I r 


Knob Creek 


Harrison 


I 1 


*Lefevre 


Bartholomew. 


Gq 


Knob Creek 


Perry 


Gb 


Lemon's Brid. 


La Porte 


Gc 


Knox 


Stark 


L d 


*Leo 


Allen 


D o 


KNOX 




F e 


Leonda 


Miami 


Fp 


Knoxville 


Dubois 


Gq 


^Leopold 


Perry 


I f 


*Kokomo 


Howard 


Dk 


*Lewis 


Vigo 



114 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 
Let 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


He 


*Lewisburg 


Cass 


L f 


LoblollyMarsh 


Jay 


J i 


Lewisburg 


Hancock 


J a 


*Locke 


Elkhart 


J n 


Lewis Creek 


Jefferson 


Ge 


♦Lockport 


Carroll 


J k 


Lewis Creek 


Shelby 


Ek 


Lockport 


Vigo 


Ki 


♦Lewisville 


Henry 


Li 


Lockport 


Wayne 


Ka 


Lexington 


La Grange 


F h 


*Locust Grove 


Montgomery 


J o 


*Lexington 


Scott 


Cq 


Locust Lick 


Vanderburg 


Gf 


Lexington 


Tippecanoe 


J e 


*Lodi 


Wabash 


I k 


Liberty 


Johnson 


Fj 


♦Lodiville 


Parke 


Gn 


Liberty 


Lawrence 


Mn 


♦Log Lick Cr. 


Switzerland 


Mj 


^Liberty 


Union 


Ml 


♦Logan 


Dearborn 


J d 


♦Liberty Mills 


Wabash 


He 


*Logansport 


Cass 


Kn 


Lick 


Jefferson 


E a 


Long Lake 


Lake 


I 


Lick Branch 


Washington 


Cp 


Long Pond 


Gibson 


Fj 


*Lick Branch 


Parke 


Lj 


♦Longwood 


Fayette 


Kg 


Lick Creek 


Blackfoot 


J e 


Loomis 


Whitley 


Li 


Lick Creek 


Fayette 


Dk 


Lost Creek 


Vigo 


Dh 


Lick Creek 


Fountain 


Go 


♦Lost River 


Orange 


F o 


Lick Creek 


Martin 


J q 


* Louisville 


Kentucky 


Hq 


Lick River 


Harrison 


Ha 


Lowell 


St. Josephs 


Di 


Lyon Mill 


Jasper 


I 1 


Lowell Mills 


Bartholomew 


Ka 


*Lima 


La Grange 


Jp 


Lower Albany 


Floyd 


Mf 


*Limberlost 


Adams 


Kh 


*Luray 


Henry 


Eh 


Linden 


Montgomery 


S^ 


Lynch's Mill 


Crawford 


Me 


♦Linn 


Adams 


F o 


Lynn 


Martin 


Eq 


Linville 


Warrick 


Mh 


♦Lynn 


Randolph 


Em 


♦Linton 


Greene 


Le 


Lynn Grove 


Wells 


Lb 


♦Lisbon 


Noble 


Dq 


*Lynnville 


Warrick 


J J 


♦Little Blue R. 


Shelby 


Ei 


Lusk's M. Nar. 


Parke 


Hq 


Little Blue R. 


Crawford 








Lb 


Little Cedar C 


Noble 


I P 


McCallum's X 




He 


Little Charley 


Cass 




Roads 


Harrison 


Dq 


Little Creek 


Vanderburg 


Kf 


McCoy's Mill 


Wells 


I i 


Little Eagle C. 


Hamilton 


Gc 


McCumber'sM 


Stark 


J a 


Lit Elkhart R. 


Elkhart 


J h 


Mcllhenny 


Hamilton 


Kk 


L. Flat Rock C 


Rush 


Lh 


♦Macksville 


Randolph 


Km 


Lit. Graham C. 


Jennings 


Dk 


Macksville 


Vigo 


i q 


Lit. Indian Cr 


Harrison 


Kn 


*Madison 


Jefferson 


Ga 


L. Kankakee R 


La Porte 


J h 


MADISON 




Er 


Lit. Pidgeon C. 


Warrick 


Hq 


♦Magnolia 


Crawford 


Eg 


Little Pine Cr. 


Warren 


Hn 


Mahan's Mill 


Jackson 


Ej 


Lit. Raccoon C 


Parke 


Ml 


♦Manchester 


Dearborn 


Di 


Lit. Raccoon C 


Vermilion 


J d 


Manchester 


Wabash 


Ld 


Little River 


Allen 


F j 


Manhattan 


Putnam 


?f 


L.SalamonieC 


Jay 


J J 


* Manilla 


Rush 


Lit. Sand Cr. 


Bartholomew 


I k 


♦Manwarings 


Shelby 


F r 


Lit. Sandy Cr. 


Spencer 


Kj 


Marcellus 


Rush 


Eg 


L. Shawnee C. 


Fountain 


Ka 


♦Marcy 


La Grange 


I n 


♦Little York 


Washington 


En 


♦Marie Creek 


Knox 


Di 


L.Vermilion R 


Vermilion 


J k 


♦Marietta 


Shelby 


Ea 


Liverpool 


Lake 


J f 


* Marion 


Grant 


Ha 


*Livonia 


Washington 


J j 


Marion 


Shelby 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



115 



Ref. 

Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 

Let. 


Names of Places 


Counties. 


Hb 


*Marseilles 


Noble 


LI 


*Milan 


Ripley 


Lb 


MARSHALL 




J b 


*Milford 


Kosciusko 


Fn 


MARTIN 




Ef 


Milford 


Warren 


Li 


Martindale'sF. 


Wayne 


Hd 


*Mill Ark 


Fulton 


I P 


Martins burg 


Washington 


Hd 


Mill Creek 


Fulton 


Mi 


*Martinsburg 


Wayne 


Gj 


Mill Creek 


Hendricks 


Hk 


* Martinsville 


Morgan 


Kh 


Mill Creek 


Madison 


Gr 


Mason's Mill 


Perry 


F k 


Mill Creek 


Putnam 


Md 


Massilon 


Allen 


Gk 


*Mill Grove 


Owen 


F m 


Matamoras 


Greene 


Kl 


♦Millhousen 


Decatur 


Hr 


*Mauckport 


Harrison 


Ml 


Miller 


Dearborn 


Mc 


Maumee 


Allen 


Ho 


Millersburg 


Orange 


Dk 


*Maurius 


Vigo 


Km 


Millersburg 


Ripley 


F r 


Maxville 


Perry 


J d 


Millersburg 


Whitley 


Gg 


Maxwell's M'ls 


Clinton 


Ga 


Miller's Lake 


La Porte 


E o 


Maysville 


Daviess 


Ej 


Miller's Mill 


Parke 


Eg 


Vlaysville 


Fountain 


Kk 


Millford 


Decatur 


Ke 


Maysville 


Huntington 


I n 


♦Millport 


Jackson 


Gh 


Mechanicsb'rg 


Boone 


J p 


Mill River 


Clarke 


Ki 


*Mechanicsb. 


Henry 


Kk 


*Milroy 


Rush 


Hi 


Mechanicsb'rg 


Marion 


Gr 


Millstone Cr. 


Perry 


Dr 


Meehanicsville 


Vanderburg 


Hp 


*Milltown 


Crawford 


J f 


*Meir 


Grant 


Gj 


Milton 


Hendricks 


Hd 


Meredith Mills 


Fulton 


Lj 


*Milton 


Wayne 


Dm 


*Merom 


Sullivan 


Mm 


*Milton Mills 


Ohio 


Db 


*Merrillville 


Lake 


F q 


Minor's Mills 


Perry 


Lk 


*Metamora 


Franklin 


I a 


*Mishawaka 


St. Joseph 


Lf 


Metamoras 


Blackford 


I e 


*Mishwa 


Miami 


Hd 


<Metea 


Cass 


L q 


VlississinewaR 


Randolph 


Ma 


*Mets 


Steuben 


Mk 


Mixerville 


Franklin 


I e 


* Mexico 


Miami 


L a 


*Mongoq'nong 


La Grange 


He 


V[iami 


Cass 


Ka 


Mongoquin. P. 


La Grange 


I f 


Miami 


Miami 


Me 


*Monmouth 


Adams 


I e 


MIAMI 




F e 


*Monong 


White 


Ke 


Miami Reserve 


Huntington 


J e 


Monoquet 


Kosciusko 


Mg 


Miami Reserve 


Jay 


Me 


Vlonroe 


Adams 


F a 


-Michigan City 


La Porte ' 


Eg 


^Monroe 


Tippecanoe 


Hg 


*Mich. Town 


Clinton 


Gj 


^Monrovia 


Morgan 


Mi 


Middleb'rough 


Wayne 


Di 


^Montezuma 


Parke 


J a 


Vliddlebury 


Elkhart 


Km 


^Montgomery 


Jennings 


El 


Middlebury 


Clay 


F h 


MONTGOM'Y 




Gg 


"■Middle Fork 


Clinton 


F e 


k Monticello 


White 


Kn 


Middle Fork 


Jefferson 


Lf 


^Montpelier 


Blackford 


Ld 


Middlctown 


Allen 


Hm 


*Mooney 


Jackson 


Kh 


*Middletown 


Henry 


L n 


^Moorefield 


Switzerland 


Gk 


Middle town 


Owen 


L m> 


"Moore's Hill 


Dearborn 


J k 


Middletown 


Shelby 


J p J 


Mooresville 


Floyd 


Dl 


Middletown 


Vigo 


Hj ' 


fc Mooresville 


Morgan 


Gh 


Midway 


Clinton 


F f J 


VIootses 


White 


Er 


^Midway 


Spencer 


J 1 ] 


Moravian Set. 


Bartholomew 


J f 


*Mier 


Grant 


Hk J 


MORGAN 




Gp 


^Mifflin 


Crawford 


Eb J 


Morgan's Mills 


Porter 



116 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Hk~ 


* Morgan town 


Morgan 


I d 


Newark 


Fulton 


Dd 


Morocco 


Jasper 


Dq 


♦Newark 


Warrick 


J J 


*Morristown 


Shelby 


Bq 


NewBaltimore 


Posey 


Gj 


Morrisville 


Hendricks 


J 1 


*Newbern 


Bartholomew 


J k 


Morven 


Shelby 


F m 


*Newberry 


Greene 


Kk 


♦Moscow 


Rush 


I J 


New Bethel 


Marion 


Dc 


Mound Spring 


Lake 


Mj 


New Boston 


Wayne 


J k 


*Mt. Auburn 


Shelby 


I b 


New Bremen 


Marshall 


Mk 


♦ML Carmel 


Franklin 


Gi 


N. Brunswick 


Boone 


I o 


Mount Carmel 


Washington 


El 


N. Brunswick 


Clay 


Ke 


*Mount Etna 


Huntington 


Ge 


New Buffalo 


White 


Kj 


Mount Etna 


Rush 


Eh 


Newburg 


Fountain 


Ee 


Mount Gilboa 


Benton 


Dr 


♦Newburg 


Warrick 


Mg 


♦Mount Holly 


Randolph 


Kg 


♦N. Burlington 


Delaware 


Gf 


*Mt. Jefferson 


Carroll 


Ga 


*New Carlisle 


St. Joseph 


Fj 


*Mt. Meridian 


Putnam 


Ki 


*New Castle 


Henry 


Ee 


Mount Nebo 


Benton 


Km 


*N. Centreville 


Jennings 


Ka 


*Mount Pisgah 


La Grange 


F a 


New City West 


Porter 


Lh 


Mt. Pleasant 


Delaware 


J b 


N. Columbus 


Madison 


I i 


Mt. Pleasant 


Miami 


Ej 


Newcomb's M. 


Parke 


F o 


*Mt. Pleasant 


Martin 


Mf 


*NewCorydon 


Jay 


J k 


Mt. Pleasant 


Shelby 


Kg 


N Cumberland 


Grant 


Gp 


*Mt. Prospect 


Crawford 


F a 


*New Durham 


La Porte 


I n 


Mount Sidney 


Jackson 


Gi 


N. Elizabeth t'n 


Hendricks 


Mm 


*Mt. Sterling 


Switzerland 


J n 


♦N. Frankfort 


Scott 


Gl 


♦Mt. Tabor 


Monroe 


Mi 


♦New Garden 


Wayne 


I d 


Mt. Vernon 


Miami 


Bq 


♦N. Harmony 


Posey 


Br 


*Mt. Vernon 


Posey 


Ld 


♦New Haven 


Allen 


J e 


Mt. Vernon 


Wabash 


J e 


*New Holland 


Wabash 


Df 


Mud Creek 


Benton 


Mg 


NewLancaster 


Jay 


I i 


Mud Creek 


Marion 


J g 


*N. Lancaster 


Tipton 


J d 


Mud Creek 


Wabash 


Gf 


NewLancaster 


Tippecanoe 


Gb 


Mud Lake 


La Porte 


D m 


"New Lebanon 


Sullivan 


Kh 


*Muncietown 


Delaware 


J o 


N. Lexington 


Clarke 


L e 


♦Murray 


Wells 


Li 


♦♦New Lisbon 


Henry 


Mm 


Murray's Mills 


Ohio 


Mg 


New Lisbon 


Randolph 


Kn 


MuscackitukR 


Jefferson 


Eo 


New London 


Daviess 


I n 


Muscatatuk 


Jackson 


Hq 


*New London 


Howard 


J b 


Musquebuck 


Kosciusko 


Ko 


New London 


Jefferson 


I q 


Musquito Cr. 


Harrison 


J g 


New Madison 


Madison 


Mn 


Myre's Tavern 


Switzerland 


Km 


*New Marion 


Ripley 








Dk 


*New Market 


Vigo 


J J 


Nameless Cr. 


Hancock 


Gi 


♦N. Maysville 


Putnam 


LI 


*Napoleon 


Ripley 


Kp 


New Metz 


Clarke 


HI 


* Nashville 


Brown 


Lg 


*N.M. Pleasant 


Jay 


J i 


Nashville 


Hancock 


J b 


New Paris 


Elkhart 


Go 


*Natchez 


Martin 


J o 


♦N.Philadelph. 


Washington 


Gp 


♦Nebraska 


Crawford 


Di 


^Newport 


Vermilion 


Li 


♦Nettle Creek 


Wayne 


Mi 


Newport 


Wayne 


J,P 


*New Albany 


Floyd 


Go 


New Prospect 


Orange 


Mm 


♦New Alsace 


Dearborn 


I P 


*N. Providence 


Clarke 


Hq 


♦N.Amsterd'm 


Harrison 


J o 


*New Retreat 


Washington 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



117 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


F h 


N. Richmond 


Montgomery 


Gq 


Oil Creek 


Perry 


Gi 


*New Ross 


Montgomery 


LI 


*01denburg 


Franklin 


J n 


*Newry 


Jackson 


I i 


Old Run 


Hamilton 


Mg 


New Salem 


Jay 


Gd 


Old's Mill 


Pulaski 


L k 


*New Salem 


Rush 


Fg 


*01ean 


Ripley 


i q 


*N. Salisbury- 


Harrison 


Eg 


Old WeaTown 


Tippecanoe 


Gp 


Newt. Stewart 


Orange 


Fi 


Oleosa 


Jasper 


Eh 


*Newtown 


Fountain 


Hb 


*Onondaga 


Marshall 


Ml 


*New Trenton 


Franklin 


Ka 


^Ontario 


La Grange 


Mk 


New Vernon 


Franklin 


I c 


*Oran 


Kosciusko 


L e 


Newville 


Wells 


Go 


ORANGE 




Lb 


*Newville 


De Kalb 


Lj 


* Orange 


Fayette 


I 1 


*New Warsaw 


Bartholomew 


Mb 


Orangetown 


De Kalb 


Ko 


*N Washingt'n 


Clarke 


Go 


*Orangeville 


Orange 


Gj 


N.Williamsb'g 


Hendricks 


Hm 


Orchard's S. S. 


Monroe 


Gj 


*N Winchester 


Hendricks 


Lj 


♦Oi-esjon 


Fayette 


Mn 


New York 


Switzerland 


L a 


♦Orland 


Steuben 


I e 


*Niconza 


Miami . 


Ho 


*Orleans 


Orange 


I k 


*Nineveh 


Johnson 


Le 


Ossian 


Wells 


I h 


Nicholson ville 


Hamilton 


J c 


*Oswego 


Kosciusko 


J k 


*Noah 


Shelby 


Ma 


Otsego 


Steuben 


He 


Noble 


Cass 


Dk 


Otter Creek 


Vigo 


Kb 


*Noble C. H. 


Noble 


La 


Otter Lake 


La Grange 


Kb 


NOBLE 




Km 


*Otter Village 


Ripley 


Kb 


*N. Iron Works 


Noble 


Dc 


♦Outlet 


Lake 


I h 


*Noblesville 


Hamilton 


J h 


*Ovid 


Madison 


Lc 


Noblesville 


Noble 


Fl 


OWEN 




Kj 


Noland's Fork 


Wayne 


Kp 


Owen's Creek 


Clarke 


F p 


*North 


Dubois 


Gm 


Owensburg 


Greene 


Gc 


North Bend 


Starke 


Cp 


*Owensville 


Gibson 


Hh 


*Northfield 


Boone 


Kn 


*Owl Prairie 


Daviess 


L m 


♦North Hogan 


Ripley 


Ef 


* Oxford 


Benton 


Ha 


*North Liberty 


St. Joseph 








Kn 


*N. Madison 


Jefferson 


Fd 


Paddock Mills 


Jasper 


J e 


♦N.Manchester 


Wabash 


Gf 


Paint Creek 


Carroll 


I g 


Normandy 


Tipton 


Mk 


Palestine 


Franklin 


Kb 


♦Northport 


Noble 


I c 


^Palestine 


Kosciusko 


Gi 


*North Salem 


Hendrick 


Gm 


Palestine 


Monroe 


He 


North Salem 


Marshall 


Ha 


Palmer's Pr. 


St. Joseph 


F e 


Norway 


White 


Kk 


Palmyra 


Rush 


Le 


♦Nottingham 


Wells 


I P 


Palmyra 


Harrison 


Ha 


Notre Dame 




I e 


*Palos 


Miami 




du Lac 


St. Joseph 


Go 


*Paoli 


Orange 


Lj 


*Null's Mills 


Fayette 


Gf 


Paragon 


Carroll 


Dj 


*Numa 


Parke 


J n 


*Paris 


Jennings 








Gn 


Paris 


Lawrence 


Lk 


*Oak Forest 


Franklin 


Ej 


PARKE 




I i 


*Oakland 


Marion 


F i 


*Parkersburg 


Montgomery 


F m 


*Oak Ridge 


Greene 


Ei 


Parkeville 


Parke 


Hp 


Oberon Cave 


Harrison 


Cq 


Parris 


Posey 


Kj 


*Oa:den 


Henry 


Df 


Parrish's Gr. 


Benton 


Mm 


OHIO 


, 


Gf 


Passeanong C. 


Carroll 



118 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 
Let. 


Namet of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 

Let. 


Names of Places 


Counties. 


Cp 


*Patoka 


Gibson 


Lk 


Pleasant Ridge 


Rush 


Cp 


Patoka Creek 


Gibson 


F m 


*Pleasant Rid 


Greene 


Ep 


Patoka Creek 


Pike 


Gf 


Pleasant Run 


Carroll 


Mn 


^Patriot 


Switzerland 


J p 


Pleasant Run 


Clarke 


Ej 


Patterson's M. 


Parke 


I i 


Pleasant Run 


Hamilton 


J d 


*Paw-Paw 


Miami 


I j 


Pleasant Run 


Marion 


J d 


Paw-Paw Cr. 


Wabash 


I f 


*Pleasant Spr. 


Howard 


I o 


*Pekin 


Washington 


I J 


*Pleas. View 


Shelby 


J i 


*Pendleton 


Madison 


Kg 


*Pleas. Woods 


Delaware 


I h 


Penfield 


Hamilton 


Ek 


*Plunge Creek 


Clay 


LI 


Pennsylvaniab 


Ripley 


J d 


Plunge Creek 


Kosciusko 


Mf 


*Pennville 


Jay 


Mn 


Plum Creek 


Switzerland 


I e 


Peoria 


Miami 


Lj 


Plum Orchard 


Fayette 


Kk 


Perkins 


Rush 


Hb 


* Plymouth 


Marshall 


J h 


*Perkinville 


Madison 


I i 


Pogue's Creek 


Marion 


Lc 


Perry 


Allen 


I h 


*Poinsett 


Hamilton 


Gq 


PERRY 




Fl 


*Pt.Comm'rce 


Greene 


I d 


*Perrysburg 


Miami 


Gq 


Poison Creek 


Perry 


Dh 


Perryville 


Vermilion 


Fk 


*Poland 


Clay 


I e 


*Peru 


Miami 


Ga 


Polk's Lake 


La Porte 


E o 


^Petersburg 


Pike 


J 


*Polk's Run 


Clarke 


Lf 


Petite Prairie 


Blackford 


Ke 


Pond Creek 


Huntington 


J i 


^Philadelphia 


Hancock 


Eo 


Pond Creek 


Knox 


Mj 


^Philomath 


Union 


Dg 


*Poolsville 


Warren 


Lj 


Philpott's Mills 


Fayette 


Kc 


*Popano 


Whitley 


De 


Pickamink R. 


Jasper 


Dk 


*Poplar Hill 


Vigo 


J a 


Pidgeon R. Cr. 


Scott 


Ha 


Portage 


St. Joseph 


La 


Pidgeon River 


Steuben 


Ha 


Portage Prair. 


St. Joseph 


Ep 


PIKE 




Eb 


*Porter's X R. 


Porter 


J c 


Pike Lake 


Kosciusko 


F o 


*Portersville 


Dubois 


Hi 


*Piketon 


Marion 


Eh 


*Portland 


Fountain 


Hp 


Pilot Knob 


Crawford 


J i 


Portland 


Hancock 


Hb 


Pine Creek 


Marshall 


Mg 


Portland 


Jay 


Eg 


Pine Creek 


Warren 


F i 


*PortlandMills 


Putnam 


F a 


Pine Lake 


La Porte 


Kb 


Port Mitchell 


Morgan 


J o 


*Pine Lick 


Clarke 


Hj 


Port Royal 


Noble 


Ef 


Pine Village 


Warren 


Gn 


Port William 


Lawrence 


Lk 


Pipe Creek 


Franklin 


Cr 


POSEY 




J h 


*Pipe Creek 


Madison 


Cq 


*Poseyville 


Posey 


Gc 


Piqua 


Starke 


F f 


Pouceaupich'x 




Gi 


*Pittsborough 


Hendricks 




River 


Tippecanoe 


Gf 


*Pittsburg 


Carroll 


Ld 


*Poughkeepsie 


Allen 


Hj 


*Plainfield 


Hendricks 


Gh 


Prairie Creek 


Boone 


Ha 


Plainfield 


St. Joseph 


Gg 


Prairie Creek 


Clinton 


?j 


Plank Road M. 


Parke 


En 


Prairie Creek 


Daviess 


I 


Plattsburg 


Washington 


Lh 


Prairie Creek 


Delaware 


Ln 


*Pleasant 


Switzerland 


Dl 


*Prairie Creek 


Vigo 


Fk 


Pleasant Gard. 


Putnam 


Dh 


*Prairieton 


Vigo 


Hd 


Pleasant Gro. 


Fulton 


Gg 


Prairieville 


Clinton 


Ed 


^Pleasant Gro. 


Jasper 


Db 


Prairie West 


Lake 


Eh 


*Pleasant Hill 


Montgomery 


LI 


*Plattsburg 


Ripley ' 


Me 


Pleasant Mills 


Adams 


Li 


Premium Mills 


Wayne 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



119 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Kn 


Presburg 


Jefferson 


J m 


Rock Creek 


Jennings 


Ka 


Pretty Prairie 


La Grange 


Ei 


Rock Creek 


Parke 


Ke 


*Price 


Huntington 


Dg 


Rock Creek 


Warren 


Eo 


Pride's Creek 


Pike 


J m 


*Rockford 


Jackson 


Dp 


* Princeton 


Gibson 


Ke 


Rockford 


Wells 


Gf 


Prince Wm. 


Tippecanoe 


Gr 


Rock Island 


Perry 


Hp 


*Proctersville 


Crawford 


Hk 


Rockingham 


Morgan 


Gd 


PULASKI 




Er 


*Rockport 


Spencer 


J a 


Pushawn 


La Grange 


Ej 


Rocky Run 


Parke 


Fj 


PUTNAM 




F h 


Rocky Run 


Montgomery 


Fj 


*Putnamville 


Putnam 


J a 


Rocky Run 


Elkhart 








Ej 


*Rockville 


Parke 


J n 


* Queens ville 


Jennings 


Kh 


Rogersville 


Henry 


Mn 


*Quercus Gr. 


Switzerland 


Eb 


Rolling Prairie 


Lake 








Ga 


Rolling Prairie 


La Porte 


Kd 


Raccoon V. R. 


Huntington 


Kb 


Rome 


Noble 


En 


*Raglesville 


Daviess 


Gr 


*Rome 


Perry 


Eg 


*Rainsville 


Warren 


F g 


*Romney 


Tippecanoe 


Kj 


*Raleigh 


Rush 


L d 


*Root 


Allen 


Kn 


Ramsey's Mills 


Jefferson 


Mj 


Roseburg 


Union 


Mh 


^Randolph 


Randolph 


Ej 


*Roseville 


Parke 


Lh 


RANDOLPH 




Kl 


*Rossburg 


Decatur 


El 


Rawley's Mills 


Clay 


Og 


*Rossville 


Clinton 


Ki 


*Raysville 


Henry 


Hq 


Rothwick's M. 


Crawford 


Gn 


Redding 


Lawrence 


Hi 


*Royalton 


Boone 


J m 


*Reddington 


Jackson 


He 


*Royal Centre 


Cass 


Dg 


Redwood Cr. 


Warren 


F n 


Rugglesville 


Daviess 


Gh 


Reese's Mill 


Boone 


Kj 


RUSH 




Hq 


Remarkable C. 


Crawford 


I n 


Rush Creek 


Washington 


Ed 


*Rensselaer 


Jasper 


Kj 


*Ruskville 


Rush 


I e 


*Reserve 


Miami 


Ej 


*RusseH'sMills 


Parke 


Ld 


Richardville 


Allen 


F j 


*Russellville 


Putnam 


Kk 


*Richland 


Rush 


Gg 


*Russiaville 


Clinton 


Mj 


Richland Cr. 


Union 








F 1 


Richland Cr. 


Greene 


Gr 


Sackett's Mills 


Perry 


Kl 


Richmond 


Decatur 


I n 


*Sage's Ferry 


Jackson 


Mi 


^Richmond 


Wayne 


Lk 


gain's Creek 


Fayette 


Kg 


*Rich Woods 


Delaware 


Co 


St.Francisville 


Illinois 


Mq 


Ridgeville 


Randolph 


Db 


*St. John 


Lake 


Dk 


*Riley 


Vigo 


Ha 


ST. JOSEPH 




Ka 


*Ringgold 


La Grange 


Me 


St. Joseph R. 


Allen 


Kj 


Ripley 


Rush 


J a 


St. Joseph R. 


Elkhart 


Lm 


RIPLEY 




J 1 


St. Louis 


Bartholomew 


Mm 


* Rising Sun 


Ohio 


F r 


St. Louis 


Perry 


Kd 


*Roanoke 


Huntington 


Me 


St. Mary's Riv. 


Adams 


Db 


Robinson's Pr. 


Lake 


J k 


*St. Omer 


Decatur 


Eg 


*Rob Roy 


Fountain 


Ke 


Salamonie R. 


Huntington 


Mk 


Rochester 


Franklin 


Mh 


Salem 


Randolph 


Hd 


* Rochester 


Fulton 


I 


* Salem 


Washington 


J b 


Rochester 


Noble 


P m 


Salisbury 


Greene 


I 1 


*Rock Creek 


Bartholomew 


I P 


Salisbury 


Harrison 


Ge 


Rock Creek 


Carroll 


Ml 


Salmon 


Franklin 



120 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places 


Counties. 


hT 


Salt Creek 


Brown 


I~h 


Sly Fork 


Hamilton 


Lk 


Salt Creek 


Franklin 


Kj 


♦Smelser's M. 


Rush 


Hm 


Salt Creek 


Jackson 


Dn 


Small Creek 


Knox 


Gm 


Salt Creek 


Lawrence 


Lb 


*Smithfield 


Delaware 


Ea 


Salt Creek 


Porter 


Ga 


Smith's Lake 


La Porte 


F d 


Saltillo 


Jasper 


E n 


Smother's Cr. 


Daviess 


J o 


Sal till o 


Washington 


Kn 


Smockville 


Jefferson 


HI 


Salt Spring 


Brown 


Dr 


Smyrna 


Vanderburg 


Kn 


♦Saluda 


Jefferson 


Kl 


♦Smyrna 


Decatur 


Kl 


Sand Creek 


Decatur 


L k 


Somerset 


Franklin 


I i 


Sand Creek 


Hamilton 


J f 


♦Somerset 


Wabash 


J m 


Sand Creek 


Jennings . 


Ha 


*South Bend 


St. Joseph 


Dq 


Sandersville 


Vanderburg 


Km 


South Fork 


Jennings 


Ea 


Sand Hills 


Lake 


Mm 


South Fork 


Ohio 


Ee 


Sand Ridge 


Benton 


Ml 


*South Gate 


Franklin 


I f 


*Santa Fe 


Miami 


Kn 


♦S. Hanover 


Jefferson 


Fk 


Santa Fe 


Owen 


J e 


South La Gros 


Wabash 


Cr 


*Saundersville 


Vanderburg 


L a 


*SouthMilford 


La Grange 


J J 


Savannah 


Shelby 


Ep 


S. Patoka Cr. 


Pike 


F m 


Scaffold Prair. 


Greene 


[ j 


♦Southport 


Marion 


I g 


Schoncks 


Tipton 


Gl 


Southport 


Owen 


Mk 


Scipio 


Franklin 


Kc 


*S. Whitley 


Whitley 


J m 


♦Scipio 


Jennings 


Mm 


*Sparta 


Dearborn 


B q 


Scipio Creek 


Posey 


Mb 


♦Spartanburg 


Randolph 


F m 


^Scotland 


Greene 


Gm 


Sparke's C. B. 


Monroe 


Ka 


*Scott 


La Grange 


Hn 


Sparke'sFerry 


Washington 


J o 


SCOTT 




F i 


* Spencer 


Owen 


Gd 


Scott's Creek 


White 


F r 


SPENCER 




J P 


Sellersburgh 


Clarke 


Mc 


♦Spencerville 


De Kalb 


Eg 


♦Shawnee Mo. 


Tippecanoe 


Ki 


*Spiceland 


Henry 


Eg 


Shawnee Pr. 


Fountain 


Gn 


Spider Creek 


Lawrence 


Eg 


Shawnee Vil. 


Tippecanoe 


Lj 


*Springersv'le 


Fayette 


Dn 


Shakertown 


Knox 


Mh 


♦Springboro' 


Randolph 


Gh 


Shannon Dale 


Montgomery 


Mk 


*Sp ring held 


Franklin 


I g 


Sharpsville 


Tipton 


Kb 


*Springtield 


Noble 


I h 


♦Sheilville 


Hamilton 


B q 


Springfield 


Posey 


J k 


SHELBY 




J d 


Springfield 


Whitley 


J k 


* Shelbyville 


Shelby 


Kk 


♦Spring Hill 


Decatur 


F i 


Sherwood's F. 


Porter 


Hn 


♦Spring Hill 


Lawrence 


J q 


Shipping Port 


Kentucky 


Gk 


Spring in Cave 


Owen 


He 


♦Sidney 


Marshall 


Gj 


♦Spring Town 


Hendricks 


Dm 


♦Silva 


Sullivan 


Hj 


*Spring Valley 


Marion 


J p 


Silver Creek 


Clarke 


Ga 


Springville 


La Porte 


Mj 


Silver Creek 


Union 


Gm 


•Springville 


Lawrence 


J d 


Silver Creek 


Wabash 


I d 


Squirrel Creek 


Miami 


J P 


Sinking Fork 


Clarke 


Gm 


^Stanford 


Monroe 


Gn 


♦Sinking Spr. 


Lawrence 


1 d 


*State Line 


Jasper 


J m 


*Six Mile Cr. 


Jennings 


J n 


State Ford 


Jackson 


J p 


Six Mile Island 


Clarke 


Gc 


STARKE 




F o 


State Creek 


Daviess 


Ma 


STEUBEN 




Ml 


State Fork 


Brown 


L a 


Steuben Mills 


Steuben 


F m 


Slinkard's Mill 


Greene 


Lg 


*Steubenville 


Steuben 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



121 



Ref- 

Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


lief. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Gp 


^Steele's 


Rush 


Dk 


*Terre Haute 


Vigo 


* Stirling 


Crawford 


I g 


Tetersburg 


Tipton 


Gj 


*Stilesville 


Hendricks 


I o 


*Texas 


Washington 


Lh 


Stoney Creek 


Delaware 


Gh 


*Thornleysvil. 


Boone 


I h 


Stoney Creek 


Hamilton 


Gb 


*Thorntown 


Boone 


F a 


Stoney Lake 


La Porte 


I c 


Tippecanoe 


Marshall 


Hk 


Stott's Creek 


Morgan 


Ff 


*Tip. Bat. Gr. 


Tippecanoe 


F p 


Strait's River 


Dubois 


Fg 


TIPPEC'NOE 




I h 


*Strawtown 


Hamilton 


I c 


Tippecanoe R, 




L m 


* String town 


Ripley 


He 


Tipton 


Cass 


Lk 


Strippshill 


Franklin 


I g 


* Tipton 


Tipton 


J m 


Stucker'sFork 


Scott 


I g 


TIPTON 




De 


Sugar Creek 


Benton 


Gl 


* Tip ton sport 


Carroll 


F o 


Sugar Creek 


Daviess 


J m 


Tipton'slsland 


Jackson 


J i 


*Sugar Creek 


Hancock 


Gr 


Tobinsport 


Perry 


F h 


Sugar Creek 


Montgomery 


Di 


^Toronto 


Vermilion 


E i 


Sugar Creek 


Parke 


Ke 


*Tracy 


Huntington 


I k 


Sugar Creek 


Shelby 


F a 


Trail Creek 


La Porte • 


Gf 


Sugar Creek 


Tippecanoe 


Kg 


*Trask 


Grant 


Dk 


Sugar Creek 


Vigo 


Lf 


Trenton 


Blackford 


Gf 


*Sugar Grove 


Tippecanoe 


Mh 


*Trenton 


Randolph 


D m 


* Sullivan 


Sullivan 


F n 


*Trinity Spr. 


Martin 


D m 


SULLIVAN 




F r 


*Trov 
Tunnel Mills 


Perry 


F n 


Smphur Cr. 


Martin 


Km 


Jennings 


J k 


*Sulphur Hill 


Shelby 


J b 


Turkey Creek 


Elkhart 


Ki 


*Sulphur Spr. 


Henry 


Eb 


Turkey Creek 


Lake 


F n 


Sulphur Spr. 


Martin 


L a 


Turkey Creek 


La Grange 


Gb 


Sulphur Spr. 


Starke 


J b 


Turkey Lake 


Kosciusko 


L c 


Surnmerville 


Allen 


J f 


TurkeyPraiiie 


Kosciusko 


Lh 


Summit Level 


Henry 


Dl 


*Turman's Cr. 


Sullivan 


J c 


* Summit 


Whitley 


D m 


Turtle Creek 


Sullivan 


J h 


*Summitville 


Madison 


Gg 


TwelveMilePr- 


Clinton 


Ha 


Sumption Pr. 


St. Joseph 


Ea 


Twenty M. Pr. 


Porter 


J J 


Swamp Cr. 


Hancock 


I a 


Twin Creek 


St. Joseph 


Kh 


*Swan 


Noble 


Hn 


Twin Creek 


Washington 


Hn 


*Swanville 


Jefferson 


F a 


Twin Lake 


La Porte 


F n 


Sweezy's Mill 


Martin 


Gd 


TwoMilePrair. 


Pulaski 


Mn 


SWITZERL. 










J b 


^Syracuse 


Kosciusko 


Mk 


Union 


Franklin 








Mh 


Union 


Randolph 


I 1 


Taggart's Set. 


Brown 


Ep 


*Union 


Pike 


I 1 


Tannehill's M. 


Bartholomew 


Mj 


UNION 




Ml 


*Tanner's Cr. 


Dearborn 


F b 


* Union Mills 


La Porte 


Gp 


Tar Spring 


Crawford 


Ld 


* Union town 


Wells 


F b 


*Tassinong 


Porter 


Lb 


Uniontown 


De Kalb 


L d 


*Taw-Taw 


Allen 


He 


Union Village 


Marshall 


Bq 


* Taylor 


Posey 


HI 


*Unionville 


Monroe 


I 1 


Taylorsburg 


Brown 


Ka 


Utah 


La Grange 


Eq 


Taylorsville 


Warrick 


J p 


*Utica 


Clarke 


I 1 


Taylorsville 
*Taylorsville 


Bartholomew 
Clinton 


J e 


Utica 


Wabash 


Ga 


*Terre Coupee 


St. Joseph 


Gb 


Vail's Creek 


La Porte 



11 



122 



REFERENCE INDEX. 



Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Hp 


*Valerme 


Orange 


J b 


Wawas Lake 


Kosciusko 


I n 


*Vallonia 


Jackson 


J b 


Waweassee L. 


Kosciusko 


Eb 


* Valparaiso 


Porter 


I f 


Wawpecons 


Miami 


Ek 


*Van Buren 


Clay 


I m 


Waymansville 


Bartholomew 


Fl 


* Van d alia 


Owen 


Mi 


WAYNE 




Cr 


VANDERB'G 




J 1 


Waynesburg 


Decatur 


Pf 


Vanee's Mills 


Clinton 


Eh 


*Waynetown 


Montgomery 


J k 


Vaughn's Mills 


Shelby 


Gl 


Wayport 


Monroe 


Eo 


Veal's Creek 


Daviess 


F g 


Wea Creek 


Tippecanoe 


Di 


VERMILION 




Eg 


We a Prairie 


Tippecanoe 


Dh 


Vermilion R. 


Vermilion 


F S 


Weaton 


Tippecanoe 


I f 


♦Vermont 


Howard 


B q 


Web's Ferry 


Posey 


Km 


* Vernon 


Jennings 


J c 


Webster 


Kosciusko 


J n 


Vernon Fork 


Jackson 


J f 


Webster's Mill 


Grant 


Cr 


*Verona 


Vanderburg 


Hm 


Weddle's Mills 


Brown 


Lm 


* Versailles 


Ripley 


I e 


Weesaw 


Miami 


Mn 


♦ Vevay 


Switzerland 


Gb 


Weesaw 


St. Joseph 


Mb 


Vienna 


De Kalb 


I i 


Wellington 


Mai-ion 


Lj 


Vienna 


Rush 


I e 


Wee saw Creek 


Miami 


J a 


*Vienna 


Scott 


F g 


*WesleyChap. 


Tippecanoe 


Dk 


VIGO 




L e 


WELLS 




Do 


*Vincennes 


Knox 


Hd 


♦Wesley 


Fulton 


Gm 


Virginia Ir.W. 


Greene 


F e 


West Bedford 


White 








J i 


West Creek 


Hamilton 


J e 


* Wabash 


Wabash 


Dc 


♦West Creek 


Lake 


J e 


WABASH 




Gf 


West Delphi 


Carroll 


J e 


Wabash River 




I h 


♦Westfield 


Hamilton 


Cr 


Waggoree's C. 


Vanderburg 


Cr 


*W. Franklin 


Posey 


Kk 


Walker's 


Rush 


Ga 


W. Hamilton 


La Porte 


Eh 


♦Wallace 


Fountain 


I h 


♦W.Kinderh'k 


Tipton 


Fj 


Walnut Fork 


Putnam 


Dg 


♦W. Lebanon 


Warren 


J f 


*Walnut Cr. 


Grant 


Mf 


West Liberty 


Jay 


I o 


♦WalnutRidge 


Washington 


He 


West Logan 


Cass 


Mg 


Ward 


Randolph 


F g 


♦West Point 


Tippecanoe 


Ke 


*Warren 


Huntington 


Kl 


*West Port 


Decatur 


5s 


WARREN 




Kp 


Westport 


Kentucky 


Dq 


*Warrenton 


Gibson 


Gk 


*West Salem 


Morgan 


J i 


Warrington 


Hancock 


Lk 


West Union 


Fayette 


5* 


WARRICK 




Dn 


*West Union 


Knox 


Dq 


Warrickton 


Warrick 


Di 


West Union 


Parke 


J c 


* Warsaw 


Kosciusko 


Ea 


Westville 


La Porte 


He 


Washington 


Cass 


Kg 


^Wheeling 


Delaware 


Eo 


* Washington 


Daviess 


gf 


Whiskey Run. 


Crawford 


Mi 


Washington 


Wayne 


♦Whitehall 


Owen 


I 


WASHINGTN 




Lk 


♦Whitcomb 


Franklin 


Gr 


Waterbury 


Perry 


J i 


*White 


Hancock , 


J a 


Waterford 


Elkhart 


Ge 


WHITE 




Fa 


Waterford 


La Porte 


Hj 


White Lick 


Morgan 


£j 


♦Waterloo 


Fayette 


Hi 


White LickCr. 


Hendricks 


De 


♦Wauhoo 


Vigo 


El 


White Oak Cr. 


Clay 


Ei 


♦Waveland 


Montgomery 


Ef 


White Oak Gr. 


Benton 


Hk 


Waverley 


Morgan 


Fo 


♦White Oak G. 


Dubois 



BEFERENCE INDEX. 



123 



Ref 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Ref. 
Let. 


Names of Places. 


Counties. 


Cp 
I in 


White River 


Knox 




♦Woodbury 


Madison 


White River 


Jackson 


I k 


Woodruffs 


Johnson 


Gl 


*White Post 


Pulaski 


B r 


Wood's Ferry 


Posey 


Mi 


*White Water 


Wayne 


Gn 


Wood's Ferry 


Lawrence" 


Mk 


White W. Riv 




Hn 


*Woodville 


Jackson 


Ml 


White W.Can. 




Gn 


Woodville 


Lawrence 


J d 


*Whitley 


Whitley 


Hb 


W'dworth's L. 


Marshall 


Kc 


WHITLEY 




I n 


Woody's Fer. 


Jackson 


Gp 

G f 


♦Wickliffe 


Crawford 


J h 


Wooster 


Scott 


Wild Cat Cr. 


Tippecanoe 


F o 


*Worth 


Dubois 


Wild Cat Riv. 


Tipton 


F m 


Worthington 


Greene 


I i 


Williams Cr. 


Marion 


F m 


*Wright 


Greene 


Ej 


Williams Cr. 


Parke 


I J 


Wrightsdale 


Shelby 


Lj 


Williams Cr. 


Fayette 


J m 


Wyalosing Cr. 


Jennings 


Hm 


Williamsburg 


Jackson 


eg 


♦Wyandot Vil. 


Tippecanoe 


I k 


Williamsburg 


Johnson 


J b 


Wyland'sMills 


Elkhart 


Mi 


*Williamsb'rg 


Wayne 


Ef 


♦Wynn 


Franklin 


Eg 


* Williamsport 


Warren 


Gd 


Wyoming 


White 


Fq 


Williams'n'sM 


Perry 








Ek 


*Williamsto'n 


Clay 


J f 


Xenia 


Miami 


Kk 


♦Williamsto'n 


Decatur 


Gf 


Xenia 


Tippecanoe 


Ka 


Willis Lake 


La Grange 








Ea 


Willow Creek 


Porter 


L e 


Yellow Creek 


Adams 


Mm 


* Wilmington 


Dearborn 


I a 


Yellow Creek 


Elkhart 


Mm 


Wilson's Cr. 


Dearborn 


Hb 


Yellow River 


Marshall 


Do 


Wilson's Cr. 


Knox 


Gc 


Yellow River 


Starke 


Gl 


* Winamac 


Pulaski 


Hb 


YellowbankC. 


Marshall 


Mh 


* Wincliester 


Randolph 


I k 


♦Yellow Spr. 


Johnson 


Lh 


* Winds or 


Randolph 


D , P 


York 


Gibson 


Kn 


Wirt 


Jefferson 


Ml 


♦York Ridge 


Brown 


Db 


*Winfield 


Lake 


Kh 


♦Yorktown 


Delaware 


Ep 


♦Winslow 


Pike 


Ff 


Yorktown 


Tippecanoe 


Ka 


♦Wolcott's M. 


La Grange 


I k 


Young's Creek 


Johnson 


Gh 


Wolf Creek 


Boone 


F h 


♦Yountsville 


Montgomery 


He 


Wolf Creek 


Marshall 








La 


Wolf Lake 


La Grange 


Kd 


Zanesville 


Wells 


Kb 


*Wolf Lake 


Noble 


|Km 


♦Zenas 


Jennings 



ROUTES IN INDIANA. 



*+* The first column of figures refers to the distance from place to place, 
and the second to the total distance from starting point. 



Madison and Indianapolis. 


Madison - 


. 




North Madison 




2 2 


Wirt .... 




4 6 


Lancaster 




4 10 


Big Creek - 


. 


2 12 


Camp Creek - 




2 14 


Graham's Fork - 


- 


4 18 


Vernon - 




4 22 


North Vernon - 


. 


1 23 


Queensville - 




5 28 


Scipio - 


- 


2 30 


Tannersville - 




3 33 


Rock Creek 


- 


1 34 


Elizabeth to wn 




2 36 


Columbus 


. 


7 43 


Taylorville - 




6 49 


Edinburg* 


- 


5 54 


Amity - 




5 59 


Franklint - - 


. 


5 64 


Worthsville - 




7 71 


Greenwood 


. 


3 74 


Southport 




5 79 


Indianapolis - 


- 


7 86 


Columbus and Jej[ 


ferson. 


Columbus 


. 




Wailesboro' - 




4 4 


Waynesville 


- 


2 6 


Banner sville • ' - 




1 7 


Jonesville - 


. 


3 10 


Rockford 




5 15 


Vernon Fork - 


. 


9 24 


Muscatatuk River • 




4 28 


Centreville 


. 


7 35 


Vienna - 




3 38 


Morristown 


. 


7 45 


Holmes' Mills 




4 49 


Sellersburg 
Jeffersonville - 


• 


9 58 
8 66 



Indianapolis, Lawrence- 
burg, and Cincinnati. 



Indianapolis - 


. 


Shelbyville 


- 26 26 


Middletown 


- - 7 33 


St. Omer 


3 36 


Milford Junction]: 


- 7 43 


Greensburg - 


- 10 53 


Huntersville 


- 13 66 


Guilford - 


- 22 88 


Lawrenceburg 


- 8 96 


State Line 


2 98 


Cincinnati - 


. 18 116 



Indianap 9 s and Cincinnati. 

(Via Shelbyville and Junction R.R ) . 

Indianapolis • 



Shelbyville 


. 


26 26 


Rushville - 


. 


- 20 46 


Marcellus 


. 


5 51 


Connersville 


• 


. 12 63 


Brownsville • 


- 


7 70 


Liberty 


- 


. 5 75 


State Line - 


. 


7 82 


Oxford, 0. 


. 


. 5 87 


Hamilton 


. 


24 111 


Cincinnati 


- 


■ 25 136 


Indianapolis, 


Eaton, and 


Cincinnati. 




Indianapolis - 


m 




Greenfield 


. 


21 21 


Charlottesville - 


- 


■ 8 29 


Raysville 


- 


5 34 


Lewisville 


. 


. 9 43 


Dublin - . - 


. 


8 51 


Cambridge Citi 




. 2 53 


Germantown 


. 


2 55 


Centreville 


- 


7 *62 



* Branch Railroad to Shelbyville, 16 miles ; whence continued to Knightstown, 27 
miles, and to Rushville, 20 miles. 
f Branch Railroad, via Liberty and Morgantown, to Martinsville, 29 miles. 
$ Branch Railroad to Milford, 4 miles. 



ROUTES IN INDIANA. 



125 



Indianapolis, Eaton, and 
Cincinnati — Continued. 

Richmond* 6 68 

State Linet - - - 4 72 
Eaton ... - 10 82 
Hamilton - - - - 34 116 
Cincinnati 25 141 

New Castle, Richmond, and 

Logansport. 
Richmond 

Washington 9 9 

Hagerstown • • • 7 16 
New Castle - - 11 27 
Andersontown > • 18 45 
Logansport - - 64 109 

Indianapolis and Belief on- 
taine. 

Indianapolis - 

Zanesville ---66 

Oakland - - - - 5 11 

Fortville - - - 7 18 

Alfonte - - - - 2 20 

Pendleton 7 27 

Andersontown • - 7 34 

Yorktown - - 12 46 

Muncietown - . • 6 52 

Morristown - - - 9 61 

Farmville - - - - 4 65 
Royston ... 3 
Winchester ... 5 

Union (State Line) . 10 83 

Bellefontaine, O. - 58 141 



73 



Indianapolis and Elkhart. 
Indianapolis 



Noblesville ■ 

Tipton - 

Kokomo 

Miami 

Leonda 

Peru 

Paw Paw 

Warsaw - 

Goshen 

Elkhart 



22 22 



24 113 
26 139 
10 149 



Indianapolis andLafayette. 



Indianapolis • 

Piketon - 

Royalton ... 

Lebanon 

Thorntown 

Lafayette • 

Indianapolis and 
Haute. 

Indianapolis - 

Bridgeport - 
Cartersburg 
N. Belleville - 
Claysville - 
Crittenden 
West Milton 
Fillmore 
Green Castle 
Colloma 
Manhattan 
Brazil 
Highland - 
Terre Haute 



7 
14 



12 26 
8 34 
26 60 

Terre 



9 

17 
19 
21 
28 
29 
34 
40 
45 
47 



11 58 
3 61 

12 73 



New Albany and Chicago. 


New Albany - 


. 




Bennetsville 


9 


9 


N. Providence 


- 9 


18 


Pekin * 


5 


23 


Salem 


- 12 


35 


Orleans 


. 20 


55 


Woodville 


- 7 


62 


Bedford 


8 


70 


Fairfax - 


- 10 


80 


Bloomington • 


- 11 


91 


Ellettsville 


= 6 


97 


Gosport 


8 


105 


Cloverdale 


. li 


116 


Putnamville 


6 


122 


Green Castle 


- 5 


127 


Fincastle 


- 12 


139 


Crawfordsville 


- 16 


155 


Linden - 


- 10 


165 


Romney - 


- 5 


170 


La Fayette 


- 13 


183 


Michigan City 


- 92 


275 


Chicago 


- 58 


333 



* Branch Railroad to Dayton and Western Railroad, 4 miles. 
f Four Mile Valley Railroad, via Fairhaven, Ohio, to Junction Railroad, near 
Oxford, 23 miles, diverges here. 



126 



ROUTES IN INDIANA. 



Chicago, Northern Indiana 


Wabash and Erie Canal — 


and Monroe 






Continued. 


Chicago 

State Line - 
Bailey Town - 
La Porte 


14 

- 27 

21 


14 
41 
62 


Reservoir 
Antwerp 
State Line 


- 11 81 

3 84 

- 4 88 


West Hamilton 


- 5 


' 67 


Indiana f 


>ivision. 


Carlisle 


10 


77 


Indiana City 


3 9 1 


South Bend - 


■ 15 


92 


Fairport - 


- 2 93 


Mishawaka - 


4 


96 


Lewiston 


3 96 


Elkhart* - 


- 12 


108 


Fort Wayne - 


- 12 108 


Bristol .... 


8 


116 


Aboit6 - 


- 11 119 


State Line 


- 7 


123 


Huntington - 


- 16 135 


White Pigeon, Mich. • 


6 


129 


Utica - 


9 144 


Monroe 


128 


257 


Lagro 
Wabash 


- 5 149 
6 155 


Chicago, Northern Indiana 


Peru 


- 15 170 


and Detroit. 






Lewisburg - 


8 178 


Chicago - 


. 




LoGANSPORT - 


- 8 186 


State Line 


21 


21 


Amsterdam - 


9 195 


Lake Station 


- 15 


36 


Lockport 


- 6 201 


Salt Creek - 


5 


41 


Carrollton - 


6 207 


N. Ind. R.R. intersects 


- 4 


45 


Delphi - 


- 5 212 


New City West - 


3 


48 


Americus 


8 220 


Michigan City - 
State Line - ■ ■•' 


- 9 


57 


La Fayette - 


- 10 230 


6 


63 


Lodi or Coal Crec 


ik - 51 281 


New Buffalo - 


- 4 


67 


Terre Haute 


- 36 317 


Detroit - 


218 275 


Point Commerce 


- 42 359 








Newburg - 


- 17 376 


Wabash and Erie 


Canal. 


Pigeon Dam 


- 72 448 


Ohio Division. 






Evansville - 


- 19 467 


Manhattan to Toledo 
Port Miami - 


4 

8 


12 


WTiitewate 


r Canal. 


Maumee City - 


1 


13 


This Canal extends from Cambridge, on 


Waterville - 


5 


18 


the National Road, 


o the Ohio River 


Otsego .... 


. 7 


25 


Lawrenceburg 


to Hard- 


Providence - 


5 


30 


ingsburg 


- 


Damascus 


■ 6 


36 


Elizabethtown - 


- 6 


Napoleon ... 


8 


44 


Harrison 


8 14 


Florida - 


■ 8 


52 


New Trenton - 


- 6 20 


Independence 


5 


57 


Brookville 


- 11 31 


Defiance 


■ 4 


61 


Laurel City 


- 14 45 


Junction of Miami Exten- 




Connersville - 


- 11 56 


sion Canal 


9 


70 


Cambridge 


- - 12 68 



: Branch Railroad to Goshen, 10 miles. 



1 

CATALOGUE 

OP 

MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC., 

PUBLISHED BY 

J. H. COLTON, 

NO. 86 CEDAR-STREET, NEW YORK. 



Illustrated and Embellished Steel-Plate 

MAP OF THE WORLD, 

On Mercator's Projection, exhibiting the recent Arctic 
and Antarctic Discoveries and Explorations, &c. &c 
6 sheets. Size, 80 by 60 inches. 

Price, mounted, $10 00. 

This splendid and highly-finished map is the largest and most accurate 
work of the kind ever published. It exhibits a full resume of all geo- 
graphical knowledge, and shows at one view, not only the world as it 
now is, in all its natural and political relations, but also the progress of 
discovery from the earliest ages. In its compilation, every facility has 
been rendered by the liberality of our own government in furnishing 
published and private maps and documents ; and also by the govern- 
ments of Europe, especially those of France and England, whose rich 
stores of geographical works have elicited much, that until the present 
publication has been as a sealed letter. As a work of art, it excels all 
its predecessors, and is as ornamental as useful. It is beautifully colored, 
and mounted in the handsomest style. 



MAP OF THE WORLD, 

On Mercator's Projection, exhibiting the recent Arctic 
and Antarctic Discoveries and Explorations, &c. Sec* 
2 sheets. Size, 44 by 36 inches. 

Price, mounted, $3 00. 

This work is reduced from the large map, and contains all the more 
important features of that publication. It has been constructed with 
especial reference to commercial utility ; the ports, lines of travel, inte- 
rior trading towns and posts, &c, being accurately laid down. An im- 
portant feature in this map is the transposition of the continents so as to 
give America a central position, and exhibit the Atlantic and Pacific 
oceans in their entirety. The map is engraved on steel, highly embel- 
lished, and mounted in the best style. As a medium sized map, it con* 
tains much more than the usual amount of information. 



2 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC., 

MAP OF THE WORLD, 

On Mercator's projection, &c. 1 sheet. Size, 28 by 22 
inches. Price, mounted, $1 50. 

This is a beautifully got up map, and, from the closeness of its infor- 
mation, contains as much as the generality of maps twice its size. It is 
well adapted for the use of those who do not require the detail of 
topography, which is the peculiar feature in the larger maps. As a 
companion to the student of general history it is, perhaps, prefer- 
able to any other, as it is compact and easy of reference. The pro- 
gress of discovery, from the times of Columbus to the present day, is 
fully exhibited ; and especial care has been taken to show distinctly the 
recent explorations in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. 



MISSIONARY MAP OF THE WORLD, 

On a hemispherical projection, each hemisphere being 
six feet in diameter, and both printed on one piece of 
cloth at one impression. Size, 160 by 80 inches. 

Price, $10 00. 

This map presents to the eye, at one view, the moral and religious 
condition of the world, and the efforts that are now making for its evan- 
gelization. It is so colored, that all the principal religions of the world, 
with the countries in which they prevail, and their relation, position, 
and extent are distinguished at once, together with the principal stations 
of the various missionary societies in our own and other countries. It 
is so finished, being on cloth, that it may be easily folded and conveyed 
from place to place, and suspended in any large room. It is especially 
recommended for the lecture-room, Sunday-school, &c, and should be 
possessed by eveiy congregation. 



MAP OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, 

With an enlarged plan of the Isthmus of Panama, show- 
ing the line of the railroad from Chagres to Panama ; 
also tables of distances from the principal ports of the 
United States to all parts of the world, &c. 1 sheet. 
Size, 32 by 25 inches. Price, mounted, $1 50. 



MAP OF NORTH AMERICA, 

Compiled from the latest authorities. 1 sheet. Size, 
29 by 26 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 25 ; in cases, $0 75. 



PUBLISHED BY J. H. COLTON. 3 

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP OF THE WEST INDIES, 

With the adjacent coasts : compiled from the latest au- 
thorities. 1 sheet. Size, 32 by 25 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 50 § in cases, $0 75. 



MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA, 

Carefully compiled from the latest maps and charts and 
other geographical publications. 2 sheets. Size, 44 
by 31 inches. Price, mounted, $4 00* 

This is the largest and best map of South America ever issued in this 
country, and the only one available for commercial purposes. It is also 
an excellent school map. 

MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA, 

Compiled from the latest authorities, and accompanied 
with statistical tables of the area, population, «fec, of 
the several states. 1 sheet. Size, 32 by 25 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 50* 



MAP OF EUROPE, 

Carefully compiled from the latest maps and charts, 
and other geographical publications. 4 sheets. Size, 
58 by 44 inches. Price, mounted, $5 00. 

The best map of Europe extant, exhibiting the topography and polit- 
ical condition of that continent with great accuracy. It is an excellent 
map for schools as well as for the merchant's office. 



MAP OF EUROPE, 

Compiled from the latest authorities, &c, with statis- 
tical tables exhibiting the area, population, form of 
government, religion, «fcc, of each state. 1 sheet* 
Size, 32 by 25 inches. Price, mounted, $1 50* 



MAP OF ASIA, 

Carefully compiled from the latest maps and charts, 
and other geographical publications. 4 sheets. Size 5 
58 by 44 inches. Price, mounted, $5 00. 

This map is the largest and most accurate ever issued in America* 
and contains all the most recent determinations in British India, &c. 



4 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC., 

It is indispensably necessary to merchants trading with China, India, 
&c, and must be especially valuable at the present time, when our con- 
nection with those countries is daily becoming more intimate. Nor is 
it less valuable for seminaries of learning. 



MAP OF ASIA, 

Compiled from the most recent authorities, together 
with statistical tahles of the area, population, «&c, of 
each state. 1 sheet. Size, 32 by 25 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 50. 



MAP OF AFRICA, 

Carefully compiled from the latest maps and charts, 
and other geographical publications. 4 sheets. Size, 
58 by 44 inches. Price, mounted, $5 00. 

The largest and most accurate map of Africa ever published in the 
United States. It exhibits the most recent discoveries of travellers— 
the new political divisions on the north and west coasts and in South- 
ern Africa, &c, &c. As an office or school map it has no superior. 



MAP OF AFRICA, 

Compiled from the latest authorities, and accompanied 
with statistical tables of the area, population, «fcc, of 
each state. 1 sheet. Size, 32 by 25 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 50. 



MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 

THE BRITISH PROVINCES, MEXICO, AND THE WEST INDIES, 

Showing the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
ocean. 4 sheets. Size, 62 by 55 inches. 

Price, $5 00. 

Extraordinary exertions have been employed to make this map perfect- 
ly reliable and authentic in all respects. It is the only large map that ex- 
hibits the United States in its full extent. Being engraved on steel, and 
handsomely mounted, it forms not only a useful, but highly ornamental 
addition to the office, library, or hall. All the railroads, canals, and 
post-roads, with distances from place to place, are accurately laid down. 
To make the map more generally useful, the publisher has appended to 
it a map of Central America and the Isthmus of Panama, and also a 
map of North and South America conjointly. It deserves to take prece- 
dence of all maps heretofore published in this country. 






PUBLISHED BY J. H. COLTON. 



MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 

THE BRITISH PROYINCES, MEXICO, THE WEST INDIES, AND 

CENTRAL AMERICA, WITH PARTS OE NEW 

GRENADA AND VENEZUELA, 

Exhibiting the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
and from 50° N. lat. to the Isthmus of Panama and 
the Oronoco river, 2 sheets. Size, 45 by 36 inches. 
Price, mounted, $2 50 5 in cases, $1 50, 

The vast extent of country embraced in this map, and the importance 
of the territories portrayed, render it one of the most useful to the mer- 
chant and all others connected with or interested in the onward pro- 
gress of the United States. It is peculiarly adapted to the present times, 
showing, as it does, the whole sphere of American steam navigation on 
both sides of the continent, and giving the best delineations extant of 
our new territories on the Pacific. All the railroads and canals are laid 
down with accuracy. There is also appended to the map a diagram of 
the Atlantic ocean, in reference to steam communication between Eu- 
rope and America ; and a detailed plan of the Isthmus of Panama, show- 
ing the proposed lines of inter-oceanic intercourse. The map is engraved 
on steel and highly embellished. 



MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 

THE BRITISH PROVINCES, WITH PARTS OE MEXICO AND 
THE WEST INDIES. 

4 sheets. Size, 48 by 38 inches. 

Price, mounted, $2 00* 

This is a good map of the settled portion of the United States, &c, 
and contains all the railroads, canals, and post-roads, &c, with the dis- 
tances from place to place. 



MAP OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, 
WITH PARTS OP THE ADJACENT COUNTRY, 
Embracing plans of the principal cities and some of the 
larger villages. By David H. Burr. 6 sheets. Size, 
60 by 50 inches. Price, mounted, ^4 00. 

This is the largest and best map of the state in the market, and ex- 
hibits accurately all the county and township lines; all internal im- 
provements, and the position of cities, villages, &c. A new edition, 
embracing all the alterations made by the state legislature, is issued as 
vaily as possible after the close of each session annually, so that the 
public may rely on its completeness at the date of issue. 

1* 



6 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC. 

MAP OF THE STATES OF NEW ENGLAND AND N, YORK, 

With parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, the C ana das, 
&c, showing the railroads, canals, and stage-roads, 
with distances from place to place. 1 sheet. Size, 30 
by 23 inches. Price, mounted, $1 25. 

This is an exceedingly minute and correct map, having been compiled 
with great care and a strict adherence to actual survey. 



MAP OF THE COUNTRY 33 MILES AROUND 

THE CITY OF NEW YORK 

Compiled from the maps of the United States* Coast 
Survey and other authorities. 1 sheet. Size, 29 by 
26 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 50; in cases, $0 75. 



MAP OF LONG ISLAND, 

With the environs of the city of New York and the 
southern part of Connecticut. By J. Calvin Smith. 
4 sheets. Size, 60 by 42 inches. 

Price, mounted, $3 00. 



TRAVELER'S MAP OF LONG ISLAND. 

Price, in cases, $0 38» 

A neat pocket map for duck-shooters and other sportsmen. 



MAP OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK, 

Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Jersey City, and the adjacent 
waters. 3 sheets. Size, 56 by 32 inches. 

Price, mounted, $3 00. 

The Commissioners' Survey is the basis of this map. The improve- 
ments have been accurately laid down : and to make the work more 
valuable, maps of the vicinity of New York, of the Hudson river, and 
of the cities of Boston and Philadelphia, have been appended. No 
exertion has been spared to keep the work up with the progress of the 
city and neighborhood. The exceedingly low price at which it is issued 
ought to secure to it a large circulation. 



PUBLISHED BY J. H. C01T0N. 



MAP OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 

Together with Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Greenpoint^ 
Jersey City, Hoboken, &c, exhibiting a plan of the 
port of New York, with its islands, sandbanks, rocks, 
and the soundings in feet. 1 sheet. Size, 32 by 26 
inches. Price, mounted, $1 50; in cases, $0 75- 



MAP OF THE CITY OF BROOKLYN, 

As laid out by commissioners and confirmed by acts of 
the legislature of the State of New York, made from 
actual survey— the farm-lines and names of original 
owners being accurately drawn from authentic sources. 
Containing also a map of the village of Williamsburg 
and part of the city of New York, <&c, &c. 2 sheets. 
Size, 48 by 36 inches. Price, mounted, $4 00. 



SECTIONAL MAP OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, 

Compiled from the United States' surveys. Also exhibit- 
ing the internal improvements 5 distances between 
towns, villages, and post-offices 5 outlines of prairies, 
woodlands, marshes, and lands donated by the Gene- 
ral Government for the purposes of internal improve- 
ments. By J. M. Peck, Tohn Messenger, and A. J. 
Mathewson. 2 sheets. Size, 43 by 32 inches. 

Price, mounted, $2 50 5 in cases, $1 50. 
The largest, most accurate, and only reliable map of Illinois extant. 



MAP OF THE STATE OF INDIANA, 

Compiled from the United States' Surveys by S. D. 
King. Exhibiting the sections and fractional sections, 
situation and boundaries of counties, the location of 
cities, villages, and post-offices— canals, railroads, and 
other internal improvements, &c, &c. 6 sheets. Size, 
66 by 48 inches. Price, mounted, $6 00. 

The only large and accurate map of Indiana ever issued, and one 
that every land-owner and speculator will find indispensably necessary 
to a full understanding of the topography of the country, and the im- 
provements which have been completed, and those which are now in 
progress. It is handsomely engraved and embellished. 



8 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC., 

MAP OF THE STATE OF INDIANA, 

Compiled from the United States' surveys. Exhibiting 
the sections and fractional sections, situation and 
boundaries of counties, the location of cities, villages, 
and post-offices — canals, railroads, and other internal 
improvements, &c, «fcc. 2 sheets. Size, 43 by 32 
inches. (In progress.) Price, mounted, $3 00. 

This map is a reduction from thg large work, and contains equally 
with that important publication all the essential features of the state 
and the improvements that have been effected. It is suitable for an 
office or house map. 



A NEW MAP OF INDIANA, 

Reduced from the large map. Exhibiting the boundaries 
of counties ; township surveys j location of cities, towns, 
villages, and post-offices — canals, railroads, and other 
internal improvements, &c. 1 sheet. Size, 15 by 32 
inches. (In progress.) Price, in cases, $0 38* 



MAP OF MICHIGAN, 

Map of the surveyed part of the State of Michigan. By 
John Farmer. 1 sheet. Size, 35 by 25 inches. 

Price, mounted, $2 00 5 in cases, Si 50. 



MAP OF THE WESTERN STATES, 

Viz. : Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, 
and Wisconsin, and the Territory of Minesota, show- 
ing the township lines of the United States' Surveys, 
location of cities, towns, villages, post-hamlets — canals, 
railroads, and stage-roads. By J. Calvin Smith. 1 
sheet. Size, 28 by 24 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 25. 



MAP OF FRANCE, BELGIUM, 

And the adjacent countries. Compiled from the latest 
authorities, and exhibiting the railroads and canals. 
1 sheet* Size, 32 by 25 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 50. 



PUBLISHED BY J. H. COL TON. 9 

STREAM OF TIME, 

Or Chart of Universal History, From the original Ger- 
man of Strauss* Revised and continued by R. S« 
Fishery M. I>. Size, 43 by 32 inches. 

Price, mounted, $2 50© 

An invaluable companion to every student of History. 



THE FAMILY AND SCHOOL MONITOR, 

An Educational Chart. By James Henry, Jr. 2 sheets* 
Size, 42 by 32 inches. Price, mounted, $1 50. 

In this chart, the fundamental maxims on Education— physical, moral, 
and intellectual— are presented in such a manner as to fix the attention 
and impress the memory. It cannot fail to be eminently useful ; in- 
deed, we believe the public will regard it as indispensable to every 
family and school in our country. 



PORTRAITS OF THE PRESIDENTS, 

And Declaration of Independence. 1 sheet. Size, 42 by 
31 inches. Price, mounted, $1 50* 



NEW MAP OF CENTRAL AMERICA, 

From the most recent and authentic sources ; showing 
the lines of communication between the Atlantic and 
Pacific oceans. One sheet. Price* in cases, $0 50* 



MOUNTAINS AND RIVERS. 

A combined view of the principal mountains and rivers 
in the world, with tables showing their relative heights 
and lengths. 1 sheet. Size, 32 by 25 inches. 

Price, mounted, $1 50. 



A CHART OF NATIONAL FLAGS, 

Each represented in its appropriate colors. 1 sheet. 
Size, 2S by 22 inches. Price, mounted, $1 50. 



10 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC., 

AN ILLUSTRATED MAP OF HUMAN LIFE, 

Deduced from passages of Sacred Writ. 1 sheet. Size, 
25 by 20 inches. Price, mounted, $0 75* 



MAP OF PALESTINE, 

From the latest authorities : chiefly from the maps and 
drawings of Robinson & Smith, with corrections and 
additions furnished by the Rev. Dr. E. Robinson, and 
with* plans of Jerusalem and of the journeyings of the 
Israelites. 4 sheets. Size, SO by 62 inches. 

Price, mounted, $6 00. 

This large and elegant map of the Holy Land is intended for the Sun- 
day-school and Lecture-room. It is boldly executed, and lettered in 
large type, which may be read at a great distance. Both the ancient 
and modern names of places are given. 



MAP OF PALESTINE, 

From the latest authorities: chiefly from the maps and 
drawings of Robinson <fc Smith, with corrections and 
additions furnished by the Rev. Dr. E. Robinson. 2 
sheets. Size, 43 by 32 inches. 

Price, mounted, $2 50* 

This map is elegantly engraved on steel, and is peculiarly adapted to 
family use and the use of theological students. It contains every place 
noted on the larger map, the only difference being in the scale on which 
it is drawn. While the large map is well suited for a school or lecture- 
room, this is more convenient for family use and private study. Plans 
of Jerusalem and the vicinity of Jerusalem are attached. The religious 
and secular press throughout the country has expressed a decided 
preference for this map of Professor Robinson over all others that have 
ever been issued. 



MAP OF EGYPT, 

The Peninsula of Mount Sinai, Arabia Petrsea, with the 
southern part of Palestine. Compiled from the latest 
authorities. Showing the journeyings of the children 
of Israel from Egypt to the Holy Land. 1 sheet. 
Size, 32 by 25 inches. Price, mounted, $1 50. 

An excellent aid to the Bible student. 



PUBLISHED BY J. H. COLTOK, 11 



NEW TESTAMENT MAP, 

A map of the countries mentioned in the New Testament 
and of the travels of the Apostles— with ancient and mod- 
ern names, from the most authentic sources. 1 sheet. 
Size, 32 by 25 inches. Price, mounted, $1 25* 

" Its size, finish, distinctness, fullness, and accuracy, make it very ele- 
gant and useful. Sabbath-school teachers and private Christians, as 
well as theological students, may esteem and use it with great advan- 
tage. * * * I own and value." Samuel H. Cox, D. D. 

u On a scale neither too large to be unwieldy, nor yet too small to be 
accurate, it presents at a single view, with great distinctness, the scenes 
of the striking events of the New Testament, and cannot fail to give to 
those events a greater clearness, and by presenting so plainly their lo- 
calities to throw over them new interest. ***** ft seems to 
have been drawn in accordance with the best authorities." 

Erskine Mason, D.JD. 

" Valuable for accuracy, beauty, and cheapness. Having both the 
ancient and modern names of places, and being of portable size, it 
would appear happily adapted for the use of Sabbath-school teachers." 

William R. Williams, D. D. 

" I have been much pleased with the apparent accuracy, and the 
beautiful execution of a map of the countries mentioned in the New 
Testament, published by Mr. Colton, and think it adapted to be useful." 

Stephen H. Tyng, D. E>. 



GUIDE-BOOK THROUGH THE UNITED STATES, 5cc, 

Travelers* and Tourists' Guide-Book through the United 
States of America and the Canadas. Containing the 
routes and distances on all the great lines of travel by 
railroads, canals, stage-roads, and steamboats, togeth- 
er with descriptions of the several states, and the 
principal cities, towns, and villages, in each— accom- 
panied -with a large and accurate map. 

Price, $1 25. 



ROUTE-BOOK THROUGH THE UNITED STATES, &o a 

Travelers' and Tourists' Route-Book through the United 
States of America and the Canadas. Containing the 
routes and distances on all the great lines of travel by 
railroads, stage-roads, canals, rivers, and lakes, &c. — 
accompanied with a large and accurate map. 

Price, $1 00. 



12 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC., 

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 

The Canaclas, &c, showing the railroads, canals, and 
stage-roads, with the distances from place to place. 
Size, 28 by 32 inches. Price, in cases, $0 63. 



MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 

The British Provinces, &c. Size, 24 by 20 inches. 

Price, in cases, $0 38* 



MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 

The British Provinces, Mexico, and Central America, 
showing the routes of the U. S. Mail Steam-ships to 
California and Oregon, with a plan of the M Gold 
Region," &c. Size, 32 by 25 inches. 

Price, in sheets, $0 25 ; in cases, $0 38* 



GUIDE-BOOK 
THROUGH THE NEW ENGLAND AND MIDDLE STATES. 

Traveler's and Tourist's Guide-Book through the New 
England and Middle States, and the Canadas. Con- 
taining the routes and distances on all the great lines 
of travel by railroads, canals, stage-roads, and steam- 
boats, together with descriptions of the several states, 
and the principal cities, towns, and villages in each — 
accompanied with a large and accurate map. 

Price, $0 75. 



MAP OF NEW YORK, 

With parts of the adjoining States and Canada, show- 
ing the railroads, canals, and stage-roads, with distan- 
ces from place to place. Price, in cases, $0 38. 



MAP OF THE NEW ENGLAND STATES, 

Showing the railroads, canals, and stage-roads, with 
distances from place to place. Price, in cases, $0 3S« 



PUBLISHED BY J. H. C01T0N. 13 

THE WESTERN TOURIST, 

And Emigrant's Guide through the states of Ohio, Mich- 
igan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Wiscon- 
sin, and the territories of Minesota, Missouri, and 
Nebraska, being an accurate and concise description 
of each state and territory ; and containing the routes 
and distances on the great lines of travel— accompanied 
with a large and minute map, exhibiting the township 
lines of the United States 5 surveys, the boundaries of 
counties, and the position of cities, villages, and set- 
tlements, &c. Price, $0 75. 



THE BOOK OF THE WORLD; 

Being an account of all Republics, Empires, Kingdoms, 
and Nations, in reference to their geography, statistics, 
commerce, &c, together with a brief historical outline 
of their rise, progress, and present condition, &c, <fcc. 
By Richard S. Fisher, M. D. In two volumes, pp. 633- 
727* (Illustrated with maps and charts.) 

Price, $5 00. 
OPINIONS. 
M I have looked over the work with a good deal of interest. It ap- 
pears to me to be a very useful publication. It brings down the geo- 
graphical and statistical information of the various countries of the 
world to a much later period than any other work that has come under 
my observation, and will not only be useful to the student, but to every 
man desirous of obtaining the latest and most authentic information." 
Millard Fillmore, Vice Pres. of U. S. 

a The work appears to me a very excellent one, and a very valuable 
contribution to American literature." Charles Anthon, LL. JD. 

" I have examined it sufficiently to perceive that it contains an im- 
mense amount of interesting and useful information." 

Robert C. Winthrop, M. C. 

" It deserves a place in that indispensable department of every pri- 
vate, and especially of every school library — the department of books 
of reference." Henry Barnard, Sup. Com. Schools in Conn. 

" I have been fully satisfied with the fulness and extent of the infor- 
mation its ample pages present in answer to every inquiry — embracing 
topography, physical geography, climate, products, mineral resources, 
commerce, and history." S. TV. Seton, Agt. Pub. Sch. Soc. JV*. Y. 

" It appears to me to contain a more full and accurate exhibition ot 
the world, in its geographical, commercial, and statistical aspects, than 
any work with which I am acquainted." 

Rev. R. R. Gurley, Chaplain U. S, Senate 



14 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC., 

" As a book of reference it is of great value, and contains more in 
the same space than any work of a similar character 1 have yet seen. 
* * * * I have great pleasure in recommending this book to all 
persons who desire to possess a work of reference touching the great 
interests of all nations." 

Abbott Lawrence, U. S. Minister to England. 

"The work, as a whole, may be said to constitute a library within it 
self. There is no point, scarcely, in art, science, literature, economy, 01 
history, at all appropriate to the subjects treated upon, which, on refer- 
ence to the work, will not be found fully elucidated ; and the aim of the 
author seems to have been to condense into as small a space as possible 
the entire circle of human knowledge." 

Hunt's Merchants'* Magazine. 

" No work of a similar character, or on so magnificent a scale, has 
been issued from the American press since the volumes of the veteran 
Morse. * * * * The author has omitted nothing that could at all 
adcf to the perfection of his work." Democratic Review. 

" We feel assured that the learned compiler of these volumes has 
spared no investigation and care to exhibit the world as it now is, and 
we can very confidently recommend the result of his labors. Such a 
work was especially needed." National Intelligencer. 

u It is written in a style at once easy, perspicuous, and energetic." 

Independent, JV*. Y. 

" We feel satisfied that the greatest labor and pains-taking must have 
been expended, to have brought together such an amount of valuable 
information." JV. Y. Journal of Commerce, 

• ; Editors and politicians, especially, have great use for such a work. 
They have constant occasion to appeal to just such statistics as these 
volumes embody, to illustrate and enforce their arguments or explode 
the sophistries of dogmatists." National Era. 

" The ' Book of the World,' embodying as it does a vast and varied 
amount of information, drawn from all available authentic sources, pos- 
sesses great intrinsic value, and must prove useful to all classes of Amer- 
ican readers." Texas Wesleyan Banner. 



A CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE WORLD, 

Exhibiting the leading events of Universal History; the 
origin and progress of the arts and sciences, dfcc. ; 
collected chiefly from the article 6i Chronology" in the 
new Edinburgh Encyclopedia, edited by Sir David 
Brewster, LX. D., F. R. S., &c. ; with an enlarged 
view of important events, particularly in regard to 
American History, and a continuation to the present 
time, by Daniel Haskell, A. M., American Editor of 
McCulloch's Universal Gazetteer, <fcc. 12m o. pp. 267. 

*>rice, $0 75. 



PUBLISHED BY J. H. COITON. 15 



COLTON'S OUTLINE MAPS, 

ADAPTED TO THE USE OF 

PRIMARY, GRAMMAR, AND HIGH SCHOOLS. 



This new and valuable Series of Outline Maps comprises — 

A Map of the "World, in two hemispheres, each 80 
inches in diameter, and separately mounted. 

A Map of the United States, 80 by 62 inches. 

A Map of Europe, 80 by 62 inches, on the same plaD 
with that of the United States, will complete the series, 

THE MAPS OF THE WORLD 

Are nearly quadruple the size of any others now in use, and exhibit 
the different portions of the Earth's surface in bold and vivid out- 
line, which makes them sufficiently distinct to be plainly seen and 
studied from the most distant parts of the largest school-room. They 
exhibit the physical features of the World, and also give an accurate 
view of its political divisions, showing the relative size of each, with 
their natural and conventional boundaries. In the corners of each 
map there are diagrams which exhibit the elements of physical geogra- 
phy, as the parallels, meridians, zones, and climates — the latter by 
isothermal lines. There are also appended two separate hemispheres, 
exhibiting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans complete, &c, forming in all 
eight different diagrams, illustrative of the primary elements of the 
science. These appendices will greatly assist the teacher in his eluci- 
dations, and make tangible to the scholar the basis of geographical 
mechanism. 

THE MAP OF THE UNITED STATES 

Exhibits the entire territory of the Union from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific Oceans, and also the greater portion of the British Possessions in 
the North, and the whole of Mexico and Central America, with part o\ 
the West Indies, in the South. It has also appended to it a MAP OP 
THE NEW-ENGLAND STATES, on a larger scale. The physical 
and political geography of this interesting region is minutely detailed. 
The localities of the cities, and important towns, ports, and harbors 
are denoted by points, and the map generally has been constructed on 
the most approved principles, under the supervision and advico ot 
several competent and experienced teachers. 

Tfie Price of these Maps is $5 each 



16 COLTON'S UNIFORM SERIES 

OF 

TOWNSHIP MAPS 

OF THE SEVERAL 

STATES OF THE UNION\ 

Compiled from the U. S. Surveys and other Sources. 



These Maps are compiled from the original U. S. surveys, 
and other authentic and reliable sources. The size of each 
is 29X32 inches. They contain all the internal improve- 
ments, as railroads, canals, and post-roads ; the location of 
mines and mineral lands ; the names of all cities, towns, 
villages, post-offices, and settlements ; the county and town- 
ship lines ; and all other information usually sought for on 
maps — each map forming in itself a complete reflex of the 
condition of the State it represents. The following States 
of the series have been completed : — 



MAINE, 


OHIO, 


N. HAMP. & VT. 


WISCONSIN, 


MASS., R. I. & CONN. 


IOWA, 


NEW YORK, 


MISSOURI, 



VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, & DELAWARE. 

Similar maps of the other States and Territories will be 
issued at an early period ; and when the whole series is 
finished, it is intended that it shall form a splendid 

NATIONAL ATLAS OE THE UNITED STATES, 

which, in point of scale, accuracy of information, embellish- 
ment, and general finish, will be superior to any like pub- 
lication that has ever issued from the press of either Europe 
or America. 

The price of each map, when handsomely mounted, 
colored, and varnished, is $1 50 ; and when put up in 
portable cases, $0 75. 



PUBLISHED BX J. H. COLTON. 17 

MAP OF THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO, 

Compiled from official and other authentic sources : to 
which is appended a corner map of the States of 
Central America. 1 sheet* Size, 42 by 32 inches. 

Price, mounted, $2 00 5 in cases, $1 50* 



MAP OF THE COUNTRY 12 MILES AROUND 
THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 

With the names of property-holders, &c, from an en- 
tirely new and accurate survey. By J. C Sidney. 
2 sheets. Size, 40 by 40 inches. 

Price, mounted or in cases, $3 00. 



WESTERN PORTRAITURE J 

And Emigrants 9 Guide: a Description of Wisconsin, 
Illinois, and Iowa, with Remarks on Minnesota and 
other Territories. By Daniel S. Curtiss. In 1 vol. 
12m o. pp. 360, (illustrated with a township map.) 

Price, $1 00. 
Actual observation and great experience are the bases of this work ; 
and in language and incident it has much to interest. It treats of the 
" Great West," its scenery, its wild sports, its institutions and its charac- 
teristics, material and economic. In that portion devoted to statistical 
illustration, the topography of sections and the adaptation of localities 
to particular branches of industry occupy a large space : the geology, 
soil, climate, powers and productions of each are considered, and their 
allied interests, their respective values and destinies, and their present 
conditions^ are accurately described. 



MAP OF NEW ENGLAND, 

Or the Enstern States: together with portions of the 
State of New York and of the British Provinces ad- 
jacent thereto. 4 sheets. Size, 64 by 57 inches. (In 
progress.) 



MAP OF THE PROVINCES OF NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA 
SCOTIA, AND PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND, 

And parts of the country adjacent thereto. 1 sheet* 
Size, 32 by 29 inches. (In progress.) 

Price, mounted, $1 50; in cases, $0 75* 



18 MAPS, CHARTS, BOOKS, ETC. 

STATISTICAL MAP OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, 

Comprising all the principal statistics of each county- 
agricultural, manufacturing, commercial, &c. By R. 
S. Fisher, M. D., author of the " Book of the World," 
&c. 1 sheet. Size, 32 hy 26 inches. Price, $0 25. 

Useful to all classes of our citizens, and indispensable for the informa- 
tion of parties engaged in the construction of railroads and other internal 
improvements, speculators in land, and persons designing to settle in any 
part of the State. All the material interests of the country are plainly 
indicated in figures on the face of the map, or in the tables which ac- 
company it. 



HORN'S OVERLAND GUIDE 
FROM COUNCIL BLUFFS TO CALIFORNIA. 

Containing a Tahle of Distances, and showing all the 
rivers, lakes, springs, mountains, camping places, and 
other prominent ohjects 5 with remarks on the country, 
roads, timbers, grasses, &c, &c. Accompanied by a 
Map* Price, $0 50* 



CORDOVA'S MAP OF TEXAS, 

Compiled from new and original surveys. 4 sheets. 
Size, 36 by 34 inches. 

Price, mounted, $5 00 ; in cases, $3 00. 

This is the only reliable map of Texas, and being on a large scale, 
exhibits minutely and with distinctness the natural features of the State 
and its several political divisions. The following government officers 
certify to its accuracy and completeness. 

"We have no hesitation in saying that no map could surpass this in 
accuracy and fidelity ." David S. Kaufman, Thos. J. Rusk, 

S. Pilsbury, Sam. Houston. 

" I certify to the correctness of this map, it being the only one extani 
that is truly correct." John C. Hays. 



Besides his own publications, J. H. 0. has constantly on hand 
a large assortment of Atlases and Foreign Maps. 

Mounting in all its forms carefully executed for the trade, 
public institutions, &c. 



